Anesthesiology Flashcards
Complete loss of sensation in a localized area
Local Anesthethics
Order of Loss of Sensation
1 Pain
2 Temperature
3 Touch
4 Pressure
5 Skeletal muscle tone
It is the pH in which a substance is in 50% unionized form and 50% ionized form
pKa
Most common initial sign of anesthetic toxicity
Anxiety
Most common dental emergency
Vasovagal Syncope
Management of Syncope
Trendelenberg position
It is the increase dosage of anesthesia in bloodstream by over dosage and vessel deposition
Toxicity
Anesthetic adverse reaction mediated by histamine
Allergic Reactions
Types of Local Anesthesia
Ester - i
Amide - ii
Agents that constricts blood vessels resulting to:
- increase duration of effect of LA
- reduce toxicity by systemic absorption of LA
- reduce bleeding by decreasing blood flow to the operating site
VASOCONSTRICTORS
Metabolized by Plasma Pseudocholinesterase
Ester “i”
Metabolized by Liver
Amide “ii”
Maximum dosage of epinephrine for normal patients
0.2 mg (200 µg)
Maximum dosage of epinephrine for cardiovascular patients
0.04 mg (40 µg)
Amide Local Anesthesia
Lidocaine, Prilocaine, Mepivacaine, Bupivacaine, Etidocaine, Articaine
Ester Local Anesthesia
Cocaine, Procaine, Benzocaine, Piperocaine, Tetracaine, Propoxycaine
1st Local Anesthesia
Cocaine
1st synthetic Local Anesthesia
Procaine
Most common topical anesthesia
Benzocaine (Anbesol)
Amide LA with a weak vasodilator
Mepivacaine
Longest acting LA available in the market
Bupivacaine (Marcaine)
True or False.
All local anesthetics used in dentistry are vasoconstrictors
False
cartridge content
2% Lidocaine with 1:100,000 Epinephrine
Most common LA
Lidocaine (Xylocaine, Lignocaine)
Most common Ester LA used
Procaine (Novocaine)
Which Amide LA is combined to produce TOPICAL ANESTHESIA
Lidocaine & Prilocaine
Needle length used in Dentistry
- Ultra short <20mm
- Short 20 mm
-Long 32 mm
Needle Dimensions
- 30 gauge
- 27 gauge
- 25 gauge
Most commonly fractured part of the needle
Hub part
Needle used in mandibular blocking in pediatric patients
27 gauge short needle
Needle used in intraligamentary injection
30 gauge ultra short
