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Principles 1 > Anesthesia Machine > Flashcards

Anesthesia Machine Flashcards

1
Q

Noninterchangeable gas-specific connections to pipeline inlets (DISS) w/ pressure gauges, filter, & check valve

Purpose?

A

Prevent incorrect pipeline attachments;

detect failure, depletion, or fluctuation

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2
Q

Pin index safety system for cylinders w/ pressure gauges, and at least one oxygen cylinder

Purpose?

A

Prevent incorrect attachments; provide backup gas supply; detect depletion

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3
Q

Low oxygen pressure alarm

Purpose?

A

Detect oxygen supply failure at the common gas inlet

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4
Q

Minimum oxygen/nitrous oxide ratio controller device (hypoxic guard)

Purpose?

A

Prevent delivery of less than 21% O2

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5
Q

Oxygen must enter the common manifold downstream to other gases

Purpose?

A

Prevent hypoxia in event of proximal gas leak

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6
Q

Oxygen failure safety device (shut-off or proportioning device)

Purpose?

A

Prevent administration of nitrous oxide or other gases when the oxygen supply fails

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7
Q

Oxygen concentration monitor and alarm

Purpose?

A

Prevent administration of hypoxic gas mixtures in event of a low-pressure system leak; precisely measure oxygen concentration

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8
Q

Automatically enabled essential alarms & monitors (ex: oxygen concentration)

Purpose?

A

Prevent use of the machine without essential monitors

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9
Q

Vaporizer interlock device

Purpose?

A

Prevent simultaneous administration of more than one volatile agent

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10
Q

Capnography & anesthetic gas measurement

Purpose?

A

Guide ventilation; prevent anesthetic overdose; help reduce awareness

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11
Q

Oxygen flush mechanism that does not pass through vaporizers

Purpose?

A

Rapidly refill or flush the breathing circuit

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12
Q

Breathing circuit pressure monitor & alarm

Purpose?

A

Prevent pulmonary barotrauma and detect sustained positive, high peak, and negative airway pressures

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13
Q

Exhaled volume monitor

Purpose?

A

Assess ventilation & prevent hypo- or hyperventilation

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14
Q

Pulse oximetry, blood pressure, ECG monitoring

Purpose?

A

Provide minimal standard monitoring

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15
Q

Mechanical ventilator

Purpose?

A

Control alveolar ventilation more accurately and during muscle paralysis for prolonged periods

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16
Q

Backup battery

Purpose?

A

Provide temporary electrical power (>30 min) to monitors and alarms in event of power failure

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17
Q

Scavenger system

Purpose?

A

Prevent contamination of the OR w/ waste anesthetic gases

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18
Q

how gases and electrical power enter the machine

A

Supply

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19
Q

preparation of gases prior to delivery to the patient

A

processing

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20
Q

gases going to the pt and returning from pt, their control and monitoring

A

delivery

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21
Q

disposal of gases

A

disposal/scavenging

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22
Q

gas supplies connected to the machine

also includes cylinder of o2 on side of machine

A

high pressure system

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23
Q

blending of gases and volatile agent based on control settings

  • also regulates high pressure to prevent barotrauma
  • includes vaporizers
A

low pressure system

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24
Q

fresh gas mixture passes from machine to patient

A

breathing system

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25
Q

What psig should hospital pipeline gases show on the pressure guage?

A

50 to 55 psig

26
Q

these prevent retrograde flow and leakage if pipeline supply is disconnected and cylinder supply is in use

A

check valves

27
Q

What is blue hose

A

nitrous

28
Q

what is green hose

A

oxygen

29
Q

what is yellow hose

A

air

30
Q

reserve supply of gases oxygen, nitrous oxide, and air

A

cylinder gas inlet

31
Q

What does pressure regulator reduce pressure to in high pressure system

A

45 psig

32
Q

occurs if two cylinders of the same gas are both open and gas flows from the higher pressure to lower pressure cylinder instead of going to the flowmeters
-check valve prevents this

A

transfilling

33
Q

type of gauge where flexible tube within the gauge straightens when exposed to gas pressure, causing gear mechanism to move the needle pointer

A

bourdon type gauge

34
Q

why do you need to bleed pressure to allow guage to read 0?

A

If 0 is not baseline, the gauge will only read pressures that are higher than the baseline

35
Q

What does the second stage regulator decrease O2 pressure to?

A

16-20 psig

36
Q

what does the second stage regulator decrease nitrous to?

A

32 psig

in tank nitrous is 745, then decreased to 50-55, then 32

37
Q
  • bypasses flowmeters and vaporizers
  • delivers breath directly to breathing system at 50 psig (barotrauma!)
  • delivers 35-75 L/min flow (max on flowmeters is 10)
  • reinflates reservoir, bellows
A

O2 flush valve

38
Q

controls gas flow though the flowmeter

includes a knob, needle valves, and an indicator float

A

flow control valves

39
Q

tapered, calibrated to specific density and viscosity of gas, coated with conductive substance to minimize static electricity.

A

flow tubes, thorpe tubes

40
Q

what is the ratio of nitrous to oxygen delivery?

A

3:1
managed by proportioning system
-link-25, chain link

41
Q

pneumatic, mechanic control

dependent on 32 psig of nitrous and 16-20 psig of O2

A

oxygen ratio monitor controller

42
Q

What is the minimal oxygen flow?

A

150 ml/min

meets basal metabolic O2 needs

43
Q

Why are O2 flowmeters ALWAYS nearest to the vaporizers?

A

to minimize risk of hypoxic mixture being delivered if leak occurs in the flowmeters

44
Q

where gases from different flowmeters mix together and have opportunity to enter into a vaporizer which is attached

A

manifold

45
Q

supplies gas mixture to breathing system

A

common gas outlet, “fresh gas outlet”

46
Q

Used in bag mode to deliver positive pressure breath.
0 = OPEN
-Do not go above 20 mmHg when bagging to prevent inflating stomach

A

Adjustable pressure limiting valve

APL or pop off valve

47
Q

How much peep do anesthesia machines have intrinsically?

A

4 PEEP

48
Q

vacuum (negative pressure) from hospital disposal system withdraws gas from the scavenging system

A

active system

49
Q

slight positive pressure of excess gases in the machine moves it into the evacuation hose and into the disposal system

A

passive system

50
Q

opens with too much pressure to vent waste gases into the room and helps prevent a positive pressure in the patient circuit

A

positive pressure relief valve

51
Q

opens with too much suction to allow room air into the flow of waste gas to the vacuum source and helps prevent a negative pressure in the patient circuit

A

negative pressure relief valve

52
Q

if vacuum not high enough, pressure will not back p into breathing system

A

positive pressure relief mechanism

53
Q

if vacuum is too strong, the gases to be delivered to the pt will not be affected

A

negative pressure relief mechanism

54
Q

during manual ventilation, when does gas enter the scavenging system?

A

when the peak pressure exceeds the opening pressure of the APL valve

55
Q

when does gas enter scavenging system during mechanical ventilation?

A

during late exhalation and the expiratory pause after the ventilator bellows have returned to full position

56
Q

When does gas enter during spontaneous ventilation?

A

during late exhalation and the expiratory pause after the reservoir bag is full.

57
Q
  1. Go to oxygen flowmeter
  2. Go to O2 flush
  3. Activate oxygen pressure failure safety mechanism
  4. Activate oxygen low pressure alarm
  5. powers the mechanical ventilator bellows
A

five functions of oxygen

58
Q

How can you defeat the anti-hypoxic safeguards?

A
  • wrong gas in the O2 pipeline or cylinder
  • defective pneumatics or mechanics
  • leaks downstream of flow control valves
  • inert third gas administration
59
Q
  • to provide oxygen
  • to blend an anesthetic gas mixture
  • to allow ventilation of pts lungs, whether spontaneous, assisted or controlled
A

primary purposes of anesthesia machine

60
Q

What is patient ready?

A

APL valve open, flowmeter and vaporizers off, minimal flow 150, bag mode and mask on end of circuit

Principles 1 (12 decks)

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