Anesthesia Basics

Question 1

Define: Anesthesia

Answer 1

Named anaesthesia by Oliver Wendell Holmes. He witnessed the 10-16-1846 demonstration. Determined this because of the insensibility to objects of touch.

Loss of sensation in a part of the body or in the body generally, which is induced by administration of a drug. - Barash
or
Total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensibility, induced by disease, injury, acupuncture, or an anesthetic, such as chloroform or nitrous oxide. (early definition 1840)
or
The process of blocking the perception of pain and other sensations. This allows patients to undergo surgery and other procedures without distress and pain they would otherwise experience.

Question 2

Define: Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

What the drug does to the body.

How does the medication affect organs, other areas of the body, and side effect profile.

Question 3

Define: Pharmacokinetics

Answer 3

What the body does to the drug.
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 4

What is the loss of sensation?

Answer 4

Diminished response to external stimuli
Diminished perception of external stimuli
Drug induced reversible CNS depression

Reversible, loss or decreased response and perception

Question 5

Types of Anesthesia

Answer 5

General, regional, and MAC (monitored anesthesia care)

Question 6

3 Main Goals of Anesthesia

Answer 6

Analgesia, amnesia, and abolition of reflex/muscle activity

Analgesia - relief of pain, loss of sensation of painful stimuli
Amnesia - unconsciousness - decreases recall
Immobility-

Question 7

Types of Analgesia

Answer 7

Relieve pain
Opioids or narcotics
NSAIDS
agonist and antagonist
Local anesthetics - like lidocaine

Question 8

Medications that induce amnesia

Answer 8

Benzodiazepines
Propofol
Think CNS depressant
Barbiturates

Question 9

Secondary goals of Anesthesia

Answer 9

Attenuate autonomic responses - vasoactive drugs

efficiency - quick, pleasant induction and recovery. min side effects, safety,

Question 10

What is general anesthesia?

Answer 10

reversible loss of consciousness, analgesia of the entire body, amnesia, and some degree of muscle relaxation.
Can be IV and/or inhalation

Question 11

Adult induction of anesthesia uses

Answer 11

IV route

Question 12

Most anesthetic medications are _____ when combined or used together.

Answer 12

Synergistic

Question 13

What is local or regional anesthesia

Answer 13

reversible loss of sensation in a part of the body by localized administration of anesthetic drugs at the affected sight .

Question 14

What is monitored anesthesia care? MAC

Answer 14

AKA: conscious sedation - NO loss of consciousness or protective reflexes
can be attended with local - depended on skill of provider giving local
Utilizes:
- intraoperative monitoring of vitals
- anticipation/preparation for general anesthesia
- airway management
- treatment of adverse physiologic reaction to surgical procedure.
Dosing: less than general, but uses similar medications
Start low or small and give more as needed, prevents need for general anesthesia

Question 15

MAC mortality and morbidity

Answer 15

Most related to cardiorespiratory depression.

• hypoxia from airway obstruction
• aspiration
• hypotension

Question 16

Regional Anesthesia

Answer 16

Reversible
loss of sensation and possible movement of a
region
selective blockade of spinal cord or nerves supplying the area.