Anesthesia

Question 1

lidocaine dose

Answer 1

1mg/kg - using ideal

suppress airway reflexes, reduce the pain of injection of other induction agents, and supplement their anesthetic effects.

Question 2

fentanyl dosage

Answer 2

0.5- 1 mcs/kg - body weight

Question 3

ketamine dosing

Answer 3

.25 mg/kg - body weight

Question 4

propofol dosing

Answer 4

2mg/kg - using ideal
3mg/kg if weed user

Question 5

MAC of sevo

Answer 5

1.8

Question 6

maintenance dose of propofol

Answer 6

50- 200 mcgs/kg / minute

Question 7

dexmedetomidine

Answer 7

Precedex, Alpha2-Adrenergic Agonist; Sedative

0.5 to 1 mcg/kg

intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine ameliorates or reduces the incidence of agitated emergence delirium

Question 8

Ketorolac

Answer 8

Weight ≥50 kg and age <65 years: 15 to 30 mg IV every 6 to 8 hours

Weight <50 kg or age ≥65 years: 15 mg IV every 6 to 8 hours
first generation NSAID - COX inhibitor

Use with caution or avoid in patients with kidney dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, or peptic ulcer disease
Use with caution in those at high bleeding risk, especially those taking concomitant anticoagulants

Question 9

how many mcs in one mg

Answer 9

1 mg = 1000 micrograms

Question 10

glycopylorate MOA and dosage

Answer 10

0.2 mg/ml
.004-.007 mg/kg
muscarinic anticholinergic agents, inhibits the action of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves and on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine

Question 11

neostigmine MOA and dose

Answer 11

1mg/ml
Inhibits the hydrolysis of acetylcholine (anti cholinesterase) by competing with acetylcholine for attachment to acetylcholinesterase at sites of cholinergic transmission. It enhances cholinergic action by facilitating the transmission of impulses across neuromuscular junctions.

Question 12

phenylephrine MOA and dose

Question 13

hydromorphine dialudid MOA and dosage

Question 14

respiratory rate for peds?
HR for peds?
BP for peds?

Answer 14

anywhere between 24 - 40 is relatively normal
60-140 bpm
systolic ~70-106
diastolic ~25-65

Question 15

MAP =?

Answer 15

MAP = DP + 1/3(SP-DP)

SVR X CO
where
SVR = 80 X(MAP-CVP)/CO
CO = HR X SV (ESV - EDV)

Question 16

EF CALCULATION

Answer 16

EF=(SV/EDV)
SV=ESV-EDV

Question 17

rocuronoum MOA

Answer 17

NON depolarizing competing for cholinergic receptors at the motor end-plate.

This action is antagonized by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as neostigmine and edrophonium.

Question 18

Ephedrine MOA

Answer 18

stimulation of alpha-1-adrenergic smooth muscle receptors within vasculature results in a rise in systemic vascular resistance and, consequently, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Direct stimulation of beta-1 receptors by ephedrine and norepinephrine increases cardiac chronotropy and inotropy. Finally, beta-2-adrenergic receptor stimulation in the lungs results in bronchodilation with ephedrine administration, though it is not as pronounced as its cardiovascular effects

Ephedrine, a stereoisomer to better-known pseudoephedrine, is a sympathomimetic amine with unique effects due to its indirect mechanism than other sympathomimetic agents like pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine.[12] Ephedrine acts as both a direct and indirect sympathomimetic. It binds directly to both alpha and beta receptors; however, its primary mode of action is indirectly achieved by inhibiting neuronal norepinephrine reuptake and displacing more norepinephrine from storage vesicles.[13] This action allows norepinephrine to remain in the synapse longer to bind postsynaptic alpha and beta receptors.[14]

Ephedrine’s indirect mechanism results in a sustained or even increased heart rate due to norepinephrine’s ability to bind alpha and beta receptors, whereas more direct sympathomimetics like phenylephrine results in reflex bradycardia

Question 19

phenylephrine MOA ?
can cause?

Answer 19

can cause reflex bradycardia because it is a alpha 1 specific agonist

• baroreceptor reflex bradycardia

Question 20

direction lungs go when inhale?

Answer 20

Outward - expands - increasing volume of lungs