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Surgical Procedures > Anesthesia > Flashcards

Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

Define Sedation

A

Calm state usually accompanied by drowsiness

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2
Q

Define Tranquilization

A

Calmness without drowsiness or loss of consciousness, no loss of pain

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3
Q

Define Analgesia

A

Decreased sensitivity to pain without loss of consciousness

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4
Q

Define Local anesthesia

A

Loss of sensation in peripheral nerves of a specific area without loss of consciousness

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5
Q

Define general anesthesia

A

Temporary, controllable, reliable loss of sensation and consciousness

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6
Q

What are the main risks of anesthesia?

A

Changes in BP, respiratory rate, HR, CNS function

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7
Q

What are pre-anesthetic drugs?

A

drugs that are administered before general anesthetic

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8
Q

What are the pre-anesthetic drug classes?

A

Tranquilizers, Analgesics, Anticholinergics

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9
Q

What is an example of a tranquilizer?

A

Diazepam

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10
Q

What is an example of an analgesic?

A

Buprenorphine

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11
Q

What are Anticholinergics?

A

Prevent slow heart rate and hyper salivation.

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12
Q

What are Induction drugs?

A

Create a rapid and smooth transition from conciousness to unconsciousness. Ex. Propofol.

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13
Q

What are Maintenance drugs?

A

Produce general anesthesia including loss of conciousness and muscle relaxation. Ex. Isoflurane

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14
Q

What is the goal of the Maintenance phase of anesthesia?

A

To keep unconscious enough while avoiding overdose.

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15
Q

What is CRI?

A

Continuous Rate Infusion

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16
Q

What happens during recover stage of anesthesia?

A

Put them on O2, leave tracheal tube in.
Then check swallow reflex
Monitor and observe

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17
Q

What equipment is used to monitor HR and rhythm?

A

Stethoscope, ECG monitor, Doppler

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18
Q

What is pulse deficit?

A

When hear rate and pulse are different.

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19
Q

What is a Esophageal Stehescope?

A

Long thin tube placed down esophagus.

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20
Q

What is used to monitor BP?

A

Doppler,

Oscillometric

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21
Q

What is an apnea monitor?

A

Sounds alarm when no breaths are detected.

22
Q

What is a pulse oximeter?

A

Measures amount of O2 in blood.

23
Q

What is a Capnograph?

A

Measures amount of CO2 in blood.

24
Q

How can you measure blood loss?

A

Suction pump for large amount,

squares of gauze saturated

25
Q

What are some equipment used for thermoregulation?

A

Circulating hot water blanket.
Bair hugger (air blowing)
Hot water bottles
Electric blanket

26
Q

What are the reflexes to check?

A 
Palpebral (blink)
Swallow
Pedal (pinch webbing)
Ear flick (touch ear hairs)
Laryngeal 
Muscle tone
Eye position and pupil size
27
Q

What are the parts to an anesthetic machine?

A 
Gas cylinder
Flowmeter
Vaporizer
Resevoir
Unidirectional valves
Breathing hoses
O2 flush valve
Pop-off valve
C02 absorption canister
Pressure manometer
28
Q

What is a Gas cylinder?

A

Contains O2, always green.

29
Q

What is a Flowmeter?

A

Controls flow of O2 in L/minute

30
Q

What is a vaporizer?

A

vaporizes anesthetic into a gas.

31
Q

What is the role of unidirectional valves?

A

Makes sure gas is only flowing in one direction

32
Q

What do the breathing hoses do?

A

Connects endotracheal tubes in lungs to machine

33
Q

What is the Oxygen flush valve?

A

Adds O2 to system without anesthetic

34
Q

What does the pop off valve do?

A

Prevents gas from leaving system.

35
Q

What does a pressure manometer measure?

A

How much pressure in system.

36
Q

What is a rebreathing system?

A

Closed circuit system that recycles CO2.

Only used in patients over 10 kg

37
Q

What is a non-rebreathing system?

A

Open circuit system, does not reuse CO2. Used on smaller patients.
Uses more gas.

38
Q

What are Endotracheal tubes?

A

Brings O2 to patient.

39
Q

What are the common endotracheal tube sizes?

A

4.5 for cats,
8-14 for dogs.
Don’t use in rabbits

40
Q

What is a laryngoscope?

A

Gives clear view of trachea

41
Q

What is a stylet?

A

gives rigidity to smaller endotracheal tubes.

42
Q

What is Lidocaine spray for?

A

Local anesthetic to prevent vocal folds from closing

43
Q

What is lubricating gel for?

A

Prevents irritation to trachea

44
Q

What are some other anesthetic equipments?

A

Gauze, elastics, tubing, syringes, opthamic ointment, face masks.

45
Q

What are the 4 stages of Anesthetic Management?

A

Pre-anesthesia
Induction
Maintenance
Recovery

46
Q

What is happening during Pre-anesthesia?

A

Everything leading up to anesthesia

Fasting, Physical exam, history

47
Q

What is happening during Induction phase?

A

Going from conscious to unconscious
IV drugs
Can be done via inhalation

48
Q

What phases are considered the 2 danger zones?

A

Induction and Recovery

49
Q

What is happening during maintenance phase of anesthesia?

A

Enough to keep unconscious but not overdose

50
Q

What is happening during Recovery phase of anesthesia?

A

Procedure is done
Still getting O2
need to be monitored
sometimes wake up in excitement phase

Surgical Procedures (3 decks)

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