Anemias Flashcards
What are the Microcytic Anemias?
Iron Deficiency
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Sideroblastic
Thalassemia
What causes anemia of chronic disease?
Cancer or chronic inflammatory state; Hepcidin released and does not allow macrophages to release iron, does not allow iron to be incorporated into heme, and does not allow absorption of iron
What causes Sideroblastic anemia?
Congenital: ALAS defect
Acquired: alcoholism, Pb poisoning, B6 deficiency
What happens in sideroblastic anemia?
Protoporphyrin cannot be synthesized
Where is iron trapped in sideroblastic anemia?
In the mitochondria
Defect in alpha-thalassemia?
Deletion in one of the four alleles coding for alpha chain globin
Defect in beta-thalassemia?
Mutation in one of the two alleles coding for beta chain globin
Extravascular hemolysis anemias?
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Sickle Cell Anemia
IgG immune hemolytic anemia
What causes hereditary spherocytosis?
RBC skeleton tethering proteins defective
What causes sickle cell anemia?
Mutation in the beta chain of globin
Intravascular hemolysis anemias?
G6PD Deficiency
PNH
IgM Immune hemolytic anemia
What causes PNH?
PIGA gene mutation encoding for GPI
What causes IgM hemolytic anemia?
IgM cold agglutinins bind in the extremities and MAC lyses the cell
What causes IgG immune hemolytic anemia?
IgG warm agglutinins bind RBC membrane and macrophages in the spleen bite the membrane where the IgG was bound
What are the microangiopathic hemolytic anemias?
TTP
HUS
DIC
