Anemia syndrom Flashcards
What are the two essential stages for Red blood cells
- Erythropoiesis that requires erythropoietin, B6, B9, B12 , and iron
- Passage through peripheral blood circulation < After 120 days < destruction < releasing heme and Globin
What is th main component of Red blood cells?
- Hemoglobin < transport oxygen to the tissues.
the normal range of the Hematopoietic production?
- Red blood cells: 200. 109 / day
- Leukocytes: 50-100. 109 / day
- Platelets: 100. 109 / day
Chronological development of hematopoiesis?
Mesodermal stage < Hepatosplenic stage < Medullary stage
What are the main mechanisms of anemia?
- central aregenerative anemia: Bone Marrow
- Deficiency in vitamines, hormones, and trace elements
- Bone marrow disease: medication, infection…
- regenerative peripheral anemia: Shortening the lifespan of red blood cells
- Hemolysis
- Bleeding
What are the consequences of anemia?
Hypoxia
What are the adaptations of the body to the hypoxia?
- Redistribution of blood : heart and brain at the expense of mesenteric and cutaneous territories (pallor)
- increase cardiac output: increase cardiac output
- Tachypnea
- Decreased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen: optimal release of oxygen to tissues
When u should think about anemic syndrome?
- General signs: pallor, asthenia
- Functional signs: fatigability, dyspnea
tachycardia, headaches, dizziness, tinnitus, phosphenes, Occasional stress angina, myocardial infarction, and Intermittent claudication - Physical signs: conjunctival discoloration, and functional systolic murmur
How to confirm anemia? CBC
- Adults ( >15)
- Women < 12 g/dl - 7.4 mmol/L
- Men < 13 g/dl - 8.1 mmol/L
- Children
- < 5 years old: < 11 g/dl- 7.1 mmol/l
- > 5 years: < 12 g/dl - 7.4 mmol/l
How to take a simple of blood for CBC?
- Venous blood, loose tourniquet
- on EDTA anticoagulant- Violet tube, turn the tube upside down
What is the normal range of the RBC?
- Men: 4,5-6,2 T( 10^12)/L
- Women: 4,0-5,4 T/L
- Child: 3.6-5 T/L
- New born: 5-6 T/L
the normal range of the Hb?
- Men: 13-18 g/dl
- Women: 12-16 g/dl
- Child: 12-16
- Newborn: 14-20
- Pregnent woman: 10.5- 14
What is the normal range of Ht/?
- Men: 40-54 %
- Women: 35-47 %
- Child: 36-47 %
- Newborn: 44-62 %
normal range of MCV?
- Men: 80-95 fL
- Women: 80-95 fL
- Child: 75-85 fL
- Newborn: 100-120 fL
changed by alcohol and medication
Normal range of MCH?
32-36 g/dl
What can give us a false drop in hemoglobin?
- Edema
- cardiac insufficiency
- hapatic insufficiency
- nephropathy
Give me examples of Pathological Erythrocytes?
- Anisocytosis: different shapes
- Hhpochromia
- target cells
- Spherocyte
- Schizocyte: fragmented
- sickle cells
- Macrocyte
What are the emergency situations of the anemia?
- Poorly tolerated anemia: polypnea, tachycardia, hypotension, shock, confusion < ECG
- in Fragile conditions: heart disease, respiratory failure
- Active bleeding
what are the signs of Hemolytic syndrome?
- anemia
- Jaundice
- splenomegaly
What are the signs of martial iron deficiency?
- flat
- dry hair
- dry skin
Signs of VB12 deficiency?
- neurological signs
sins of pancytopenia
- anemia
- Hemorrhage
- Infection
Microcytic vs Macrcytic anemia?
- MCV: < 80 fl
- > 95 fl
Hypochromic anemia
- MCH: < 32%
