anemia patient Flashcards
Anemia Definition
a decrease in blood red cell mass or hemoglobin which results in a decreased oxygen-carrying capacity; it is not a disease
Anemia is a laboratory measurement indicating the red cell mass measurement (Hgb or Hct) in a patient is:
Three reasons to be anemic:
- Blood loss
- Increased destruction (hemolysis)
- Decreased RBC production
Three categories of MCV?
- Microcytic
- Normocytic
- Macrocytic
What is MCHC relevant for?
chromaticity
Most Common Forms of Macrocytic Anemia (3)
- Ethanol abuse
- Folate Deficiency
- Vit B12 Deficiency
Reticulocytes are _____than mature red blood cells and circulate for _____ before all remnants of the ribosomal-endoplasmic structures are _____. Reticulocytes represent _____ of the red cell population
20-30% larger …. 2-3 days…..extruded……~2%
What is MCHC?
Mean Cell HgB - average HgB concentration in a volume of red cells; Surrogate measure of HgB concentration within an average sized red cell
Reticulocyte Ref range for adults and ped’s.
A: 0.5 -1.5%
P: 3.0-7.0%
Chromic” designations are coupled with ____ as a second important quantitative measure of individual red cells in anemia.
size (ex. hypochromic)
Reticulocyte: The remnant _____ stains blue with _____.
Ribosomal RNA reticulum…..Methylene Blue
The _____ allows detection and measurement of reticulocytes as a distinct population.
residual RNA
Reticulocyte levels provide a measure of _______.
the rate of production and release of red cells by the marrow into the peripheral blood.
______ occurs ____after an episode of acute hemorrhage and the Retic count will peak in ____.
reticulocytosis…3-4 days….6-10 days
At peak reticulocytosis, the relative concentration of reticulocytes may increase ___fold with reticulocyte count increased to ___.
4 to 6 ….6 - 8%
Common Causes of Reticulocytosis
- Acute blood loss or hemorrhage
- Acute hemolysis
- Hemolytic anemia
- Response to therapy (Fe or other nutritional correction of deficiency)
Common Causes
Microcytic Anemia
- Iron Deficiency
- Impairment Globin Synthesis
- Decreased/Abnormal Synthesis Protopoporphyrin-Heme
- Abnormal Hemoglobin
Common Causes
Microcytic Anemia;
Types of Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Iron Deficiency Anemia
2. Anemia of Chronic Disease
Common Causes
Microcytic Anemia:
Types of Impairment Globin Synthesis
Alpha Thalassemia and Beta Thalassemia
Common Causes
Microcytic Anemia:
Types of
Decreased/Abnormal Synthesis Protopoporphyrin-Heme
- Lead Intoxication anemia
2. Sideroblastic anemia
Common Causes
Microcytic Anemia:
Types of Abnormal Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin C Disease
MVC value for Microcytic anemia
Serum Values in Iron Deficiency Anemia: Ferritin, TIBC, Serum Iron, Soluble Transferrin Receptor (sTfR)
Ferritin: low
TIBC: high
Serum Iron: low
sTfR: high
Serum Values in Anemia of Chronic Disease: Ferritin, TIBC, Serum Iron, Soluble Transferrin Receptor (sTfR)
Ferritin: high
TIBC: low
Serum Iron: low
sTfR: normal
