Anemia, Hemoglobinopathies and Thalassemias Flashcards
Most common anemia among hospitalized patients
Anemia of Chronic Inflammation / Anemia of chronic disease
Most commonof the inherited aplastic anemia
Fanconi Anemia (FA)
A common site for clinically significant bleeding
GIT
May be secondary to trauma, surgery or disease
Bleeding
A rare but potentially deadly bone marrow failure syndrome
Aplastic anemia
A drug most frequently implicated in acquired aplastic anemia
Chloramphenicol
A deficiency of complement regulatory complements
PNH aka Marchiafava-Micheli Syndrome
What is the central feature of ACI?
Sideropenia (⬇️serum iron) despite abundant iron stores
Master regulatory hormone for systemic iron metabolism and it inhibits ferroportin
Hepcidin
Protein that transports iron from tissues to blood
Ferroportin
Developed when production of protophorphyrin or the incorporation iron into the protoporphyrin is prevented
Sideroblastic anemia
What is the hallmark of sideroblastic anemias?
Ringed sideroblasts
The rings in the ring sideroblasts are
Mitochondria loaded with iron
Hookworm infx associated with IDA
Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale
Definitions:
Koilonychia
Glossitis
Pica
Pagophagia
Koilonychia - spooning of fingernails
Glossitis - tongue inflammation
Pica - non-food item cravings, most common- ICE
Pagophagia - craving for ice
Indirect measure of transferrin by measuring its ability to bind iron
Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC)
1st lab test to be abnormal in IDA or when iron stored begin to decline
A good indicator of iron storage (ferritin) status
Serum Ferritin Test
Parasite associated with Vit. B12 deficiency
Dyphillobothrium latum
Generally characterized by antibodies directed against intrinsic factor and parietal cells
Pernicious anemia
Found in stomach and for the production of HCl and Intrinsic Factor (needed for Vit.B12 absorption)
Parietal cells
Pathognomic for megaloblastic anemia
Hypersegmented neutrophils (≥6 lobes)
Root cause of Megaloblastic anemia
Impaired DNA synthesis (TTP is not made= Vit.B12 Deficiency)
Binds Vit. B12 and releases it to the blood
Transcobalamin (previously known as Transcobalamin II)
Vitamin B12-transcobalamin complex, the metabolically active form of Vit. B12
Holotranscobalamin (holoTC)
