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(OMS2) SBL Exam 1 (Pathology + Clinical Medicine) > Anemia: Diagnosis and Management > Flashcards

Anemia: Diagnosis and Management Flashcards

1
Q

What are 6 signs and symptoms of an anemic patient?

A

1) Fatigue
2) Exercise intolerance
3) Tachycardia
4) Conjunctival Pallor
5) Systolic murmur
6) Edema

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2
Q

What is the earliest and most sensitive index that will change in iron deficiency anemia?

A

Anisocytosis

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3
Q

What is anisocytosis?

A

Increased red cell distribution width

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4
Q

What are indications that iron is low?

A

1) Low serum ferritin

2) Low transferrin saturation

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5
Q

What are indications that the body is just WAITING for iron (compensating)?

A

1) Increased Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)

2) Increased transferrin receptor (TFR)

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6
Q

What symptoms of iron deficiency anemia can be seen in the nails?

A

1) Onychoschizia (split)

2) Koilonychia (spooned)

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7
Q

What compulsive behavior do patients with iron deficiency anemia display ?

A

Compulsion to eat substances like ice, soil, chalk, paper

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8
Q

In male patients or postmenopausal females, iron deficiency anemia should prompt an evaluation for sources of blood loss in what location?

A

Gastrointestinal

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9
Q

Normocytic anemia and normal reticulocyte count point towards?

A

Uncompensated blood loss

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10
Q

What can happen as a result of anemia from acute blood loss?

A

1) Hypovolemia
2) Myocardial ischemia
3) Renal failure

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11
Q

Coffee ground emesis and distended abdomen are clues that there is a bleed where?

A

Upper GI tract

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12
Q

During emergent blood replacement, what effect should a single unit of RBC have on Hgb?

A

Increase by about 1 g/dL

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13
Q

Blood group O can give blood to?

They can receive blood from?

A

1) All groups

2) Only O group

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14
Q

Blood group A can give blood to?

They can receive blood from?

A

1) A and AB

2) A and O

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15
Q

Blood group B can give blood to?

They can receive blood from?

A

1) B and AB

2) B and O

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16
Q

Blood group AB can give blood to?

They can receive blood from?

A

1) AB

2) All groups

17
Q

When a blood type is referred to as O(+), A(-), etc, the positive or negative refers to?

A

Rh (D) antigen

18
Q

Which patients will not develop anti-D Ab?

Which may develop anti-D Ab?

A

1) Rh+

2) Rh-

19
Q

Sickle cell anemia is characterized by what Hg?

What mutation causes it?

Its Hg type confers survival advantage against what disease?

A

1) HgS
2) Glutamic acid -> valine mutation
3) Endemic malaria

20
Q

When deoxygenated, what will happen to HbS?

What does this cause?

The sickled red cells will interact with inflammatory cells, platelets, and endothelial cells to promote?

A

1) Polmerize
2) Hemolysis
3) Vaso-occlusion

21
Q

What is a devastating consequence of vaso occlusion in sickle cell anemia?

Because it may affect up to 15% of children, what can help prevent this above event from occurring?

A

1) Stroke

2) Transfusions in childhood

22
Q

Acute chest syndrome is a potentially fatal phenomenon of SCA which is initiated by vaso-occlusion caused from?

Vaso-occlusion in the lungs leads to?

A

1) Marrow emboli from necrosing bone

2) Lower oxygenation, which worsens systemic vaso-occlusion

23
Q

In SCA patients, urine cannot be concentrated due to?

What is also an often manifestation of the same phenomenon above?

This area is so sensitive that it can even affect?

A

1) Medullary damage
2) Hematuria
3) Heterozygous individuals

24
Q

What is the major cause of pain in SCA patients?

A

Avascular necrosis

25
Q

What is the role of hydroxyurea in the treatment of SCA?

A

Relative decrease in hgb S, more hgb F

26
Q

What are some important aspects for transfusion medicine in SCA patients?

A

1) Repeat transfusions can result in antibody production

2) Matched donors are essential

27
Q

What is aplastic anemia?

What is the first indication something is wrong?

A

1) Pancytopenia with associated bone marrow hypocellularity

2) Bleeding

28
Q

Chemotherapy, Chloroquine, and Sulfonamides can cause what form of aplastic anemia?

A

Iatrogenic aplasia

29
Q

What is the treatment for aplastic anemia?

A

1) Transfusion support

2) Growth factor support

(OMS2) SBL Exam 1 (Pathology + Clinical Medicine) (16 decks)

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