Anemia and Drug Induced Hematologic Disorders

Question 1

How long do RBC typically last

Answer 1

100-120 days

Question 2

RBC life cycle is greatly affected by what?

Answer 2

O2 levels

Question 3

The fxnal inability to supply the tissue w/ adequate O2 for proper metabolic function

Answer 3

Anemia

Question 4

Anemia is not a disease but rather?

Answer 4

expression of an underlying disease or disorder

-making identification of the cause super important

Question 5

sx of acute anemia

Answer 5

tachycardia, tachypnea, orthostatic hypotension, ligth-headedness, angina

Question 6

typical causes of acute anemia

Answer 6

GI bleeds. massive traumas, shock or quick changes and cardiopulmonary in nature

Question 7

typical cause of chronic anemia

Answer 7

cancer and other prevalent disease

Question 8

Symptoms of chronic anemia

Answer 8

fatigue, weakness, headache,dyspnea, dizziness, sensitivity to cold, pallor or loss of skin tone, exacerbation of cardiac disease

Question 9

diminished mass in erythrocytes ( causing anemia) is due to what etiological reasons?

Answer 9

erythrocyte loss, DEC RBC production, INC RBC destruction

Question 10

DEC production of RBC (hypoproliferation) can be caused by what?

Answer 10

Kidney disease, cancer, nutritional deficiencies

Question 11

INC RBC destruction can happen via?

Answer 11

genetic predispositions ( sickle cell), or acquired ( malaria)

Question 12

Risk factors for anemia

Answer 12

elderly, teenagers,female, married, poverty , poor detention, ETOH abuse, GI disease, Depression, Low Iron, Low fruit and veggie intake, phytates, tannins, fad diets

Question 13

normal ranges of Hgb

Answer 13

Male: 13.5-17.5 g/dL
Female: 12-16 g/dL

Question 14

normal range of Hct

Answer 14

Male: 41-53%
female: 36-46%

Question 15

normal range of RBC

Answer 15

Male : 5.2 + or - 0.7 mil/microL

female:4.6 + or minus 0.5 mil/ microL

Question 16

Mean Corpuscular Volume represents?

Answer 16

average volume of RBC

(Hct/ RBC)

Question 17

An MCV of > 100 is indicative of

Answer 17

macrocytic anemia

Question 18

An MVC of < 100 is indicative of ?

Answer 18

microcytic anemia

Question 19

RBC distribution width is important in

Answer 19

mixed anemic diseases

Question 20

Normal range of RDW

Answer 20

11-15%

Question 21

even if a patient is hypotensive, a drop in Hbg or Hct may not be experienced for how long following an acute bleed?

Answer 21

36-48 hours

Question 22

IN pregnancy, 3rd trimester pt experiences INC volume and expansion leading to 25-50% expansion and lab reductions of Hgb, Hct, and RBC #. This is actually?

Answer 22

polycythemic

Question 23

Pts that have volume depletion may not show signs and symptoms until after rehydration.. why?

Answer 23

Because their RBC are very concentrated when dehydrated

Question 24

Smokers, people close to 2nd hand smoke or those subject to a lot of monoxide exposure can mask the effects of anemia because?

Answer 24

it’s natural for their body to have a higher Hct than normal…. iron studies are important in these patients

Question 25

The most simplest anemia… characterized by a MCV of 80-100 fL

Answer 25

normocytic anemia

-normal size and color

Question 26

common causes of normocytic anemia

Answer 26

acute blood loss
mixed anemia
Chronic illness ( erthyropoeitin deficiency)

Question 27

most common classification of anemia… characterized by a MCV of < 80fL

Answer 27

Microcytic anemia… aka Iron deficiency anemia

Question 28

Most common cause of Microcytic anemia is iron deficiency, what are the less common causes?

Answer 28

Copper or Zinc deficiency
Toxin poisoning
inhereited disease/ disorder: thalassemias, defects of iron metabolism

Question 29

Consequences of microcytic anemia that is caused by lack of iron

Answer 29

Pica
angular somatitis
glossitis
koilonychia

Question 30

Ferritin measures?

Answer 30

Iron stores

- can mobilize up to 40 mg/day

Question 31

To maintain iron supplies, how much iron do men and woman need to consume from their diet?

Answer 31

Men: 1mg/day
women: 1.4 mg/ day