Anemia and Drug Induced Hematologic Disorders Flashcards
How long do RBC typically last
100-120 days
RBC life cycle is greatly affected by what?
O2 levels
The fxnal inability to supply the tissue w/ adequate O2 for proper metabolic function
Anemia
Anemia is not a disease but rather?
expression of an underlying disease or disorder
-making identification of the cause super important
sx of acute anemia
tachycardia, tachypnea, orthostatic hypotension, ligth-headedness, angina
typical causes of acute anemia
GI bleeds. massive traumas, shock or quick changes and cardiopulmonary in nature
typical cause of chronic anemia
cancer and other prevalent disease
Symptoms of chronic anemia
fatigue, weakness, headache,dyspnea, dizziness, sensitivity to cold, pallor or loss of skin tone, exacerbation of cardiac disease
diminished mass in erythrocytes ( causing anemia) is due to what etiological reasons?
erythrocyte loss, DEC RBC production, INC RBC destruction
DEC production of RBC (hypoproliferation) can be caused by what?
Kidney disease, cancer, nutritional deficiencies
INC RBC destruction can happen via?
genetic predispositions ( sickle cell), or acquired ( malaria)
Risk factors for anemia
elderly, teenagers,female, married, poverty , poor detention, ETOH abuse, GI disease, Depression, Low Iron, Low fruit and veggie intake, phytates, tannins, fad diets
normal ranges of Hgb
Male: 13.5-17.5 g/dL
Female: 12-16 g/dL
normal range of Hct
Male: 41-53%
female: 36-46%
normal range of RBC
Male : 5.2 + or - 0.7 mil/microL
female:4.6 + or minus 0.5 mil/ microL
Mean Corpuscular Volume represents?
average volume of RBC
(Hct/ RBC)
An MCV of > 100 is indicative of
macrocytic anemia
An MVC of < 100 is indicative of ?
microcytic anemia
RBC distribution width is important in
mixed anemic diseases
Normal range of RDW
11-15%
even if a patient is hypotensive, a drop in Hbg or Hct may not be experienced for how long following an acute bleed?
36-48 hours
IN pregnancy, 3rd trimester pt experiences INC volume and expansion leading to 25-50% expansion and lab reductions of Hgb, Hct, and RBC #. This is actually?
polycythemic
Pts that have volume depletion may not show signs and symptoms until after rehydration.. why?
Because their RBC are very concentrated when dehydrated
Smokers, people close to 2nd hand smoke or those subject to a lot of monoxide exposure can mask the effects of anemia because?
it’s natural for their body to have a higher Hct than normal…. iron studies are important in these patients
The most simplest anemia… characterized by a MCV of 80-100 fL
normocytic anemia
-normal size and color
common causes of normocytic anemia
acute blood loss
mixed anemia
Chronic illness ( erthyropoeitin deficiency)
most common classification of anemia… characterized by a MCV of < 80fL
Microcytic anemia… aka Iron deficiency anemia
Most common cause of Microcytic anemia is iron deficiency, what are the less common causes?
Copper or Zinc deficiency
Toxin poisoning
inhereited disease/ disorder: thalassemias, defects of iron metabolism
Consequences of microcytic anemia that is caused by lack of iron
Pica
angular somatitis
glossitis
koilonychia
Ferritin measures?
Iron stores
- can mobilize up to 40 mg/day
To maintain iron supplies, how much iron do men and woman need to consume from their diet?
Men: 1mg/day
women: 1.4 mg/ day
