Anemia Flashcards
What is a normal hgb and hct for women?
Hgb <12 or Hct <36
What is a normal hgb and hct for men?
Hgb <13.5 or Hct <41
What is MCV?
What is MCH?
The avg hgb content in a RBC (ie a low MCH indicates low hgb content per cell, and on a peripheral blood smear would show up as hypochromia)
What is RDW?
Measure of variation in RBC size
What does a low RDW indicate?
means RBC are all around the same size
What does high RDW indicate?
means theres a lot of variation in the RBC size?
What are the two main types of microcytic anemia and what is the corresponding MCV?
- Iron Def Anemia
- Thalassemia
- also sideroblastic from lead toxicity, copper deficiency and zinc poisioning
**MCV <80
What is the mc cause of anemia worldwide?
Iron deficiency anemia
What should be high on your ddx for IDA?
- GI bleeding… you HAVE to rule this out
- PUD
- Cancer
- Nsaid use
- –also consider menstrual loses
What are some signs of IDA?
What are signs of severe IDA and at what Hct is it severe?
- Hct <25%
- chelosis
- smooth tongue
- brittle nails
- formation of esophageal webs (plummer vinson syndrome)
What will IDA lab work show?
a. dec ferritin
b. dec serum Fe
c. inc TIBC
This type of anemia is made of 4 protein chains (2 alpha and 2 beta)
Thalassemia
On peripheral smear, what disease shows target cells, basophilic stippling, polikocytes
Thalassemia
What are serum Fe levels, ferritin levels and RBC count in thalessemia?
Usually normal to elevated
How do you dx thalassemia?
hgb electrophoresis
What is the MCV range for normocytic anemia?
80-100
What are some reasons for normocytic anemia?
- Acute blood loss
- anemia of chronic disease or inflammation
- chronic renal insufficiency
- hemolysis
- bone marrow suppression (may be macrocytic)
- endocrine dysfunction (hypothyroidism, hypopituitaryism)
What are the causes of anemia of chronic disease?
- CKD
- DM
- chronic autoimmune disorders?
