Anemia Flashcards
Animal w/ a severe anemia walking into your clinic demonstrates that the anemia has been chronic How?
Animal w/ a severe anemia walking into your clinic demonstrates that the anemia has been chronic- they have compensated over time.
What do you assume when you see a decrease in all three cell lines?
You have bone marrow issue.
What can you see if you have platelets about 10-15000 or less?
You can have spontaneous bleeding
If you have elevated ALT what can you assume in an anemic animal?
Can potentially have liver dz but could be b/c the liver is hypoxic
and releasing its enzymes. hepatocellular damage due to hypoxi
What can you put on your ddx w/ a st kitts dog w/ a zero reticulocyte count (bone marrow failure) and high globulin?
Animal may have erlichiosis- can have the thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Antibody destruction of stem cells Is the theory you may have this issue.
Other ddx?–> leukemia involving plasma cells (multiple myeloma)
What are clinical signs of anemia?
Pale mucous membrane, lethargy, reduced exercise tolerance, increase respiratory rate, dyspnea, increased heart rate, murmurs
If you have greater than 50% blasts in a lymph node aspirate- what can you assume?
Lymphoma.
What are some clinical signs associated w/ blood destruction?
Splenomegaly, icterus, hemoglobinuria
Which is more sever slow or rapid onset of anemia?
Rapid onset.
If you see a high mean cell volume in a cat w/ no increase in reticulocyte count what will you think of?
Myeloid dysplasia due to FeLV
What are causes of regenerative anemia?
Blood loos (acute/chronic ) or blood destruction
What occurs during acute blood loss?
Protein decrease along w/ PCV- usually returns to normal w/in one week if blood loss is not ongoing. RBC morphology is usually normal (except w/ hemangiosarcoma in dogs ! acanthocytes and shistocytes
What is common to see in a hemoabdomen dog?
Mesothelial cells (have a glycocalyx brush boarder to distinguish! don’t confuse w/ a neoplastic cell
What are examples of acute blood loss?
Trauma surgery, coagulation disorders, bleeding tumors, thrombocytopenia (blood loss does not cause thrombocytopenia.
Examples of chronic blood loss?
GI ulcer, blooding GI tumor, blood consuming parasites.
o Blood loss form the intestine more common route (90%)
Causes of iron deficiency anemia?
- Nursing animals (inadequate nutrition)
* In adults- almost always due to chronic blood loss
What are lab findings associated w/ iron efficiency anemia?
• Microcytosis, reticulocytes w/ decreased MCV
• RDW usually increased (anisocytosis), normal MCHC, blood film
exam- often show increase in central pallor, keratocyte formation,
• Anemia usually regenerative, unless concurrent anemia of
inflammatory dz. Thrombocytosis common (EPO increase platelets)
• Decrease serum iron concentration, decreased transferrin
saturation, decreased storage iron (ferritin concentration o r hemosiderin in bone marrow, total iron boding capacity usually normal in dogs/cats)
If supplementing iron to neonate- how would you give it?
• Do not give PO!can be hepatotoxic- give IV.
• Oral iron for deficient adults- not very valuable- only have so much
capacity to absorb iron in your gi.
If you see microcytosis what could be a ddx?
• Porto systemic shunt causing microcytosis.
• Breed disposition
• Anemia of inflammatory dz (decreased MCV w/ Autoimmmune dz
common in humans, rare in dogs. (measure storage iron – w/
chronic dz- there is a higher storage iron (blow serum iron)
• Normocytic in dogs- can differentiate b/c anemia of inflame dz will
have increased storage iron.
If you see different bacteria in the GI at same time what can you assume is happening?
• Probably a perforation in the GI.
what are general signs associated w/ blood destruction?
• splenomegaly, hyperbilirubinemia, icterus, hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, total protein normal.
What drugs can cause IMHA?
• Penicillin, cephalosporins, trimethoprim sulfamethoxzaole,
levaminosole
o Horses! penicillin, clostridia infections, and neoplasia
• Cats- associated w/ mycoplasma hamofelis, FeLV, neoplasia
Lab findings w/ IMHA?
thrombocytopenia can be present, leukgraom always inflammatory, may be azotemic.
DDx for spherocteytes?
mismatched blood transfusion, rattlesnake evenomation, Heinz
body anemia in horse can look like spherocyte, zinc toxicosis, bee
stings ba
