Anemia Flashcards
Pallor, fatigue, loss of exercise tolerance
Fe Deficiency
Fever, arthralgias, arthritis, fatigue, infection: pain, cough, swelling
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Personality changes, irritability, weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss
Lead Intoxication
Anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, hyperbilirubinemia as neonates, can lead to aplastic crisis and biliary stones
HS
Splenomegaly, expanded bone marrow, delayed growth and development, endocrinopathies, pulmonary hypertension
Thalassemia
Neurologic deficits, slow onset, smooth, sore tongue
B12 Deficiency
smooth, sore tongue, rapid onset
Folate Deficiency
Acute hemolytic anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, variable degrees of anemia
G6PD Deficiency
AIHA is characterized by the acute or chronic onset of anemia, pallor, jaundice, and dark urine. Splenomegaly may occur. Positive DAT test.
AIHA
Patients present with variable chronic anemia, hemolysis, splenomegaly, gallstones, and aplastic crises
PK Deficiency
Vessel damage leading to multi-organ damage (lungs, retina, spleen, kidney, CNS), priaplasm, and aplastic crisis
HbS
Prolonged bleeding time, fatigue, pallor, decreased exercise tolerance, dyspnea, tachypnea
Renal Dysfunction
Thyroid: Hyper or hypactivity, weight gain or loss, skin, hair nail changes, Adrenal: vomiting dehydration weakness, circulatory collapse
Endocrine Related
Low: Hgb, Hct, MCH, MCV, Retic, Serum Fe, Transferrin, Ferritin
High: RDW, TIBC
Fe Deficiency
Low: Hgb, Hct, MCH, MCV (can be), Retic, Serum Fe, Transferrin, TIBC
Very High: Ferritin (RDW can be)
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Low: Hgb, Hct, MCH, MCV, Retic,
High: RDW
Lead Intoxication
Low: Hgb, Hct, MCH, MCV, Haptoglobin, MCHC
Normal: RDW
High: Retic, Biliruben, LDH,
Thalassemia
Low: MCV and Haptoglobin
High: RDW, Retic, Biliruben, LDH, MCHC
HS
Low: Hgb, Hct, MCH, Retic, B12 (S),
High: MCV, RDW, Homocys, MA
B12 Deficiency
Low: Hgb, Hct, MCH, Retic, Folate
Normal: MA
High: MCV, RDW, Homocys
Folate Deficiency
High: RDW, Retic, Biliruben, LDH, MCHC
Low: Haptoglobin, Hgb, Hct, MCH
AIHA
High: Retic, Biliruben, LDH
Low: Haptoglobin
G6PD Deficiency
Difference between warm and cold AIHA
Cold: igM binds RBCs in periphery, activates complement, releases cell in central, IV hemolysis. Warm: IgG binds RBC and incites splenic macrophage to phagocytose, EV hemolysis
High: Retic, Biliruben, LDH
Low: Haptoglobin, Hgb, Hct, MCH, MCHC
PK Deficiency
High: RDW, Retic, Biliruben, LDH
Low: Haptoglobin, Hgb, MCH
HbS
Low: Retic
Renal Dysfunction
Low: Both Retic
Endocrine related
Low: MCV, TIBC
Sideroblastic
Iron supplements
Fe Deficiency
Treat underlying disease and comorbid conditions. Can give EPO in some cases.
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Chelation therapy, remove source of lead
Lead Intoxication
Supportive care for chronic anemia and splenectomy
HS
Transfusions + chelation if severe, hydroxyurea, bone marrow transplantation,
Thalassemia
Intramuscular or subcutaneous injections of B12, oral replacenment of B12. Check for correction of levels
B12 Deficiency
Folate (? maybe?) 1 mg/day orally or parenterally
Folate Deficiency
Avoid oxidant drugs, certain foods, supportive care, folate
G6PD Deficiency
Identify and treat underlying disorder
AIHA
supportive care, transfusions for severe anemia, splenectomy, folate
PK Deficiency
Bone marrow transplant with matching sibling, transfusions can decrease pain crisis
HbS
Give EPO, treat comorbid conditions
Renal Dysfunction
Hormone replacement
Endocrine Related
Menstrual loss, bleeding, dietary intake, absorbtion issues, cancer, pregnancy
Fe Deficiency
Underlying disease: chronic inflamation, alcoholism, malignancy
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Exposure to lead including eating paint chips
Lead Intoxication
Mutated proteins cause weakened membrane (spectrin, ank, band 3) and spherocyte formation
HS
Different hemoglobin chains present than normal- Autosomal recessive disorders
Thalassemia
Vegan diet, pernicious anemia (autoimmune destruction of IF cells), failure to produce IF, malabsorbtion, defective transport or storage, metabolic pathway deficits
B12 Deficiency
Alcoholism, overcooking food, malabsorbtion, inadequate intake, parasitic infection, pregnancy
Folate Deficiency
X-linked recessive enzyme deficiency, triggered by lots of foods (fava beans) and chemicals
G6PD Deficiency
Infection, malignancy, autoimmune, drug induced
AIHA
Second most common enzyme deficiency
PK Deficiency
Genetic mutation causing a Glu->Val transformation on hemoglobin leading to sickled RBC’s and hemolysis
HbS
Hyper, hypo thyroidism, adrenal insufficiency
Endocrine Related
Chronic alcoholism, B6 deficiency, Lead poisining, X linked recessive
Sideroblastic
