Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Anemia general symptoms

A

Weakness, HA, sensitivity to cold, exertional dyspnea, fatigue

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2
Q

Acute anemia sx

A

Tachycardic, orthostatic hypotension, fainteness, pain, cold extremities

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3
Q

Vitamin B deficiency symptoms

A

Neurologic: Paresthesia, abnormal reflexes, ataxia, confusion, numbness, vertigo, decreased vibration sense (posterior column and spinocerebellar pathway both involved in vibration sense)

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4
Q

Anemia general signs

A

jaundice, petechiae, ecchymosis, loss of skin tone, pallor

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5
Q

Anemia labs

A

CBC w/indices
retic count
peripheral smear
stool sample for occult blood

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6
Q

What is included in a CBC

A

RBC, WBC, hgb, hct, platelets and MPV

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7
Q

What is included in RBC indicies

A

MCV, MCH, MCHC

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8
Q

Normal Hgb levels

A

F: 12-14 M:14-16

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9
Q

Normal Hct level

A

F: 37-475 M: 40-50%

Hct is usually 3x hgb

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10
Q

Microcytic/hypochromic anemias (MCV <80)

A

Iron deficiency, anemia of chronic dz(late), thalessemia and sickle cell

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11
Q

Normocytic/normochromic MCV 80-100

A

Anemia of chronic dz(early), renal failure, autoimmune hemolytic

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12
Q

Macrocytic/hyperchromic MCV>100

A

B12 and folate deficiency

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13
Q

Cause of IDA

A

menstruation, preg,

GI bleeds

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14
Q

Causes of Vit B deficiency

A

Malabsorption MC, pernicious anemia, Crohn’s dz (ileum), surgical resection

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15
Q

Causes of Folate deficiency

A

Malnutrition, ETOHism

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16
Q

Causes of anemia of chronic dz

A

malignancy, renal failure, arthritis

17
Q

causes of hemolytic anemia

A

increased destruction of RBC

18
Q

MC cause of anemia

A

IDA

19
Q

IDA dx

A

Microcytic, hypochromic
Low serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin
Increased TIBC
No compensatory reticulocytosis

20
Q

what is Ferritin

A

storage protein for iron

21
Q

what is transferrin

A

protein that binds to iron and transports it throughout the body

22
Q

What is TIBC

A

measures how well iron moves through the body

23
Q

IDA tx

A

Oral or parenteral Iron
Ferrous sulfate 325 mg po tid
hgb should increase by one week, normalize by 6 weeks, microcytosis may take months to resolve

24
Q

Anemia of chronic dz findings

A
normocytic, normochromic
High ferritin
normal or low TIBC
low transferin
low retic
25
Q

Anemia of chronic dz tx

A

treat chronic dz, erythropoieten

26
Q

Vit B12 deficiency findings

A
Macrocytic
Hypersegmented PMNs
smooth red tongue 
neurologic issues
low serum B12
27
Q

Vit B12 tx

A

Parenteral or oral B12

1-2mg PO qd

28
Q

Folated deficiency findings

A
Macrocytic
hypersegmented PMNs
Smooth red tongue
NO NEURO ISSUES
normal B12
low serum folate
29
Q

Hemolytic anemia findings

A

HIgh reticulocyte count (means either hemolysis, blood loss, or decreased EPO)
warm or cold antibody
normochromic, normocytic
spherocytes (antibodies coat RBC,no central pallor) and schistocytes (fragmented RBC, being ripped apart) on smear
Direct coombs test pos

30
Q

Folate deficiency tx

A

oral folic acid 1-5 mg qd x 4months

31
Q

what is direct coombs test

A

detects antibodies attached to a pts RBC