Anemia Flashcards
Anemia general symptoms
Weakness, HA, sensitivity to cold, exertional dyspnea, fatigue
Acute anemia sx
Tachycardic, orthostatic hypotension, fainteness, pain, cold extremities
Vitamin B deficiency symptoms
Neurologic: Paresthesia, abnormal reflexes, ataxia, confusion, numbness, vertigo, decreased vibration sense (posterior column and spinocerebellar pathway both involved in vibration sense)
Anemia general signs
jaundice, petechiae, ecchymosis, loss of skin tone, pallor
Anemia labs
CBC w/indices
retic count
peripheral smear
stool sample for occult blood
What is included in a CBC
RBC, WBC, hgb, hct, platelets and MPV
What is included in RBC indicies
MCV, MCH, MCHC
Normal Hgb levels
F: 12-14 M:14-16
Normal Hct level
F: 37-475 M: 40-50%
Hct is usually 3x hgb
Microcytic/hypochromic anemias (MCV <80)
Iron deficiency, anemia of chronic dz(late), thalessemia and sickle cell
Normocytic/normochromic MCV 80-100
Anemia of chronic dz(early), renal failure, autoimmune hemolytic
Macrocytic/hyperchromic MCV>100
B12 and folate deficiency
Cause of IDA
menstruation, preg,
GI bleeds
Causes of Vit B deficiency
Malabsorption MC, pernicious anemia, Crohn’s dz (ileum), surgical resection
Causes of Folate deficiency
Malnutrition, ETOHism