Anemia

Question 1

Anemia definition

Answer 1

Reduction in RBC mass leading to decreased O2 delivery to tissues.
Typically diagnosed based on low hemoglobin and/or low hematocrit.

Question 2

Anemia values for males (Hb and Hct)

Answer 2

Hb<130 g/L
Hct<0.41

Question 3

Anemia values for females (Hb and Hct)

Answer 3

Hb<120 g/L
Hct<0.36

Question 4

3 broad categories of anemia based on the MCV

Answer 4

Microcytic anemia (<80um3)
Normocytic anemia (80-100 um3)
Macrocytic anemia (>100um3)

Question 5

General symptoms of anemia

Answer 5

• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Dyspnea
• Weakness
• Lightheadedness
• Decreased exercise tolerance
• Palpitations
• Dizziness
• Syncope

Question 6

2 important findings on physical exam (anemia)

Answer 6

Pallor of mucosal membranes and conjunctiva (mucous membrane of the eyes).

Question 7

4 important investigations for anemia

Answer 7

1. CBC with differential
2. Reticulocyte count & blood smear/film
3. Rule out dilutional anemia (too much IV/fluids)
4. Bone marrow biopsy