Anemia Flashcards
What is Anemia?
A condition where there is a low amount of RBCs, hemoglobin or hematocrit resulting in decreased oxygen delivery to tissues.
What are the main cause of anemia?
*Decreased RBC production
*Increased RBC destruction or loss
*Hereditary conditions (sickle cell anemia)
What are the common signs and symptoms of anemia?
*Fatigue
*Pallor
*Tachycardia
*Headache
*Dizziness
*Orthostatic hypotension
*Dyspnea
What is orthostatic hypotension?
When a person is BP drops when then suddenly stand.
What is dyspnea?
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
What compensatory mechanisms occur in anemia?
*increased cardiac output
*increased respirations
*Vasoconstriction to vital organ
*Gi disturbances
What is a diagnostic test?
A medical procedure that helps identify a disease or condition.
What is the main diagnostic tests for anemia?
*CBC
*Iron studies
What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia?
*Blood loss (e.g…menstrual bleeding,ulcers,hemorrhoids)
*Poor iron intake (e.g… inadequate diet,malabsorption)
*Increased iron needs (e.g … pregnancy,lactation,children)
What are common nursing interventions for iron deficiency anemia?
*Iron supplements with vitamin C for more efficiently but avoid milk teas and coffee right after
*Dietary changes (increase of iron-rich foods like meat, beans, fortified grains)
What are some complications of iron deficiency anemia?
*severe fatigue
*decreased oxygenation to tissues
Increases risk for injury (due to dizziness or weakness)
What lab values are used to access the severity of iron deficiency anemia?
*RBC count
*Hemoglobin
*Hematocrit
*MCV
*Ferritin (iron stores)
What are the nursing priorities for a patient with anemia?
*Fatigue related to decreased oxygenation
*Risk for injury due to dizziness and weakness
*Deficient knowledge regarding treatment and dietary changes
