Anemia Flashcards
Average size of Red Blood Cells
Mean Cell Volume (MCV)
80 - 100
Blood test that measures the number of immature red blood cells.
Reticulocyte Count
Normal = 2%
Protein found in the blood that stores Iron.
Serum Ferritin
Iron transporter protein.
Serum Transferrin
What does increased Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) indicate?
Low Iron
Premature destruction of red blood cells.
Hemolytic Anemia
What are some signs of Hemolytic Anemia?
Jaundice
Dark Urine
Increased Lactase dehydrogenase
Most Hemolytic Anemias are what?
Normocytic
Normochromic
Destruction of red blood cells via antibodies that target blood antigens.
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
How is Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia diagnosed?
Coombs Test
Congenital disease that causes red blood cells to be shaped like sphere and become fragile.
Hereditary Spherocytosis
What are two things besides the shape of the red blood cells could indicate Hereditary Spherocytosis?
Splenomegaly
Family History
X-linked deficiency of the enzyme needed to maintain red blood cells.
G6PD Deficiency
What might trigger a G6PD deficiency?
Fava Beans
Medications
Infections
What types of cells are seen with a G6PD deficiency?
Bite Cells
How is a G6PD deficiency diagnosed?
Genetic Testing
Name 3 Microcytic Anemias.
Iron Deficiency
Lead Poisoning
Sideroblastic Anemia
Iron is necessary for the synthesis of what?
Heme
What are two signs of Iron Deficiency Anemia?
Pica
Angular Cheilosis
What type of red blood cells will increase in a patient with Iron Deficiency Anemia?
Hypochromic Red Blood Cells
What must you rule out in a patient with Iron Deficiency Anemia?
Possible Bleeding
Treatments for Iron Deficiency Anemia include?
Dietary Changes
Oral Supplements
IV Iron
What is the preferred oral Iron supplement?
Ferrous Sulfate
How long must you give Ferrous sulfate after the Hemoglobin has returned to normal to replenish Iron stores?
3 - 6 months
If a patient can’t tolerate or absorb oral Iron, or they are losing it too rapidly, what medications can you give Intravenously?
Iron Dextran
Iron Sucrose
What inhibits enzymes associated with heme synthesis and is seen more commonly in children and due to occupational hazards?
Lead Poisoning
What will a peripheral smear show in a patient with Lead Poisoning?
Basophilic stippling of Red Blood Cells
Bone marrow forms ringed sideroblasts instead of healthy erythrocytes.
Sideroblastic Anemia
Sideroblastic anemia is usually Microcytic, Normocytic, or Macrocytic?
Microcytic
How is Sideroblastic Anemia diagnosed?
Prussian Blue Stain
(ringed sideroblasts from bone marrow)
Name 4 examples of Normocytic Anemias.
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Renal Failure
Mixed Microcytic and Macrocytic
Malignancy or Pre-Malignancy
Chronic inflammation causes iron sequestration and failure of heme synthesis. Often Normocytic early on and then may become Microcytic as it progresses.
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Name the 4 most common Macrocytic Anemias.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Folate Deficiency
EtOH Use
Liver Disease
What disease can cause bleeding disorders due to the impairment of multiple clotting factors?
Liver Disease
Anemia due to the abnormal synthesis of DNA. Results due to an inadequate dietary intake of fortified foods but may also be caused by alcohol use.
Folate Deficiency
(Vitamin B9)
Anemia due to the lack of absorption or lack of consumption of natural sources that are typically found in animal sources.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
(Cobalamin)
What two things are seen in a Vitamin B12 Deficiency that are not seen in a Folate Deficiency?
Neurologic Symptoms
Increased Methylmalonic Acid
