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Clinical Medicine: Hematology and Oncology > Anemia > Flashcards

Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Average size of Red Blood Cells

A

Mean Cell Volume (MCV)
80 - 100

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2
Q

Blood test that measures the number of immature red blood cells.

A

Reticulocyte Count
Normal = 2%

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3
Q

Protein found in the blood that stores Iron.

A

Serum Ferritin

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4
Q

Iron transporter protein.

A

Serum Transferrin

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5
Q

What does increased Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) indicate?

A

Low Iron

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6
Q

Premature destruction of red blood cells.

A

Hemolytic Anemia

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7
Q

What are some signs of Hemolytic Anemia?

A

Jaundice
Dark Urine
Increased Lactase dehydrogenase

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8
Q

Most Hemolytic Anemias are what?

A

Normocytic
Normochromic

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9
Q

Destruction of red blood cells via antibodies that target blood antigens.

A

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

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10
Q

How is Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia diagnosed?

A

Coombs Test

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11
Q

Congenital disease that causes red blood cells to be shaped like sphere and become fragile.

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis

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12
Q

What are two things besides the shape of the red blood cells could indicate Hereditary Spherocytosis?

A

Splenomegaly
Family History

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13
Q

X-linked deficiency of the enzyme needed to maintain red blood cells.

A

G6PD Deficiency

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14
Q

What might trigger a G6PD deficiency?

A

Fava Beans
Medications
Infections

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15
Q

What types of cells are seen with a G6PD deficiency?

A

Bite Cells

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16
Q

How is a G6PD deficiency diagnosed?

A

Genetic Testing

17
Q

Name 3 Microcytic Anemias.

A

Iron Deficiency
Lead Poisoning
Sideroblastic Anemia

18
Q

Iron is necessary for the synthesis of what?

A

Heme

19
Q

What are two signs of Iron Deficiency Anemia?

A

Pica
Angular Cheilosis

20
Q

What type of red blood cells will increase in a patient with Iron Deficiency Anemia?

A

Hypochromic Red Blood Cells

21
Q

What must you rule out in a patient with Iron Deficiency Anemia?

A

Possible Bleeding

22
Q

Treatments for Iron Deficiency Anemia include?

A

Dietary Changes
Oral Supplements
IV Iron

23
Q

What is the preferred oral Iron supplement?

A

Ferrous Sulfate

24
Q

How long must you give Ferrous sulfate after the Hemoglobin has returned to normal to replenish Iron stores?

A

3 - 6 months

25
Q

If a patient can’t tolerate or absorb oral Iron, or they are losing it too rapidly, what medications can you give Intravenously?

A

Iron Dextran
Iron Sucrose

26
Q

What inhibits enzymes associated with heme synthesis and is seen more commonly in children and due to occupational hazards?

A

Lead Poisoning

27
Q

What will a peripheral smear show in a patient with Lead Poisoning?

A

Basophilic stippling of Red Blood Cells

28
Q

Bone marrow forms ringed sideroblasts instead of healthy erythrocytes.

A

Sideroblastic Anemia

29
Q

Sideroblastic anemia is usually Microcytic, Normocytic, or Macrocytic?

A

Microcytic

30
Q

How is Sideroblastic Anemia diagnosed?

A

Prussian Blue Stain
(ringed sideroblasts from bone marrow)

31
Q

Name 4 examples of Normocytic Anemias.

A

Anemia of Chronic Disease
Renal Failure
Mixed Microcytic and Macrocytic
Malignancy or Pre-Malignancy

32
Q

Chronic inflammation causes iron sequestration and failure of heme synthesis. Often Normocytic early on and then may become Microcytic as it progresses.

A

Anemia of Chronic Disease

33
Q

Name the 4 most common Macrocytic Anemias.

A

Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Folate Deficiency
EtOH Use
Liver Disease

34
Q

What disease can cause bleeding disorders due to the impairment of multiple clotting factors?

A

Liver Disease

35
Q

Anemia due to the abnormal synthesis of DNA. Results due to an inadequate dietary intake of fortified foods but may also be caused by alcohol use.

A

Folate Deficiency
(Vitamin B9)

36
Q

Anemia due to the lack of absorption or lack of consumption of natural sources that are typically found in animal sources.

A

Vitamin B12 Deficiency
(Cobalamin)

37
Q

What two things are seen in a Vitamin B12 Deficiency that are not seen in a Folate Deficiency?

A

Neurologic Symptoms
Increased Methylmalonic Acid

Clinical Medicine: Hematology and Oncology (8 decks)

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