Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the signs of anemia

A

Fatigue and weakness
Pale skin
Shortness of breath
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Cold hands and feet
Brittle nails\
Pica (craving for non-nutritive substances like ice, dirt, or starch)
Chest pain, rapid heartbeat, or shortness of breath

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2
Q

What is hyporproliferative anemia

A

when the bone marrow produces an inadequate number of erythrocytes. Cause by iron, B12, and folate deficient

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3
Q

What is iron deficiency anemia

A

is a common type of anemia that occurs when the body doesn’t have enough iron to produce adequate amounts of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen to the body’s tissues. Here are some key points about iron deficiency anemia:

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4
Q

What are so unique signs for Iron anemia

A

smooth, red tongue; brittle and ridged nails; and angular cheilosis, RLS, PICA

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5
Q

What are the main causes of iron anemia

A

Bloods loss and Chronic kidney disease

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6
Q

How do you diagnosis iron anemia

A

CBC, serum iron, low serum ferritin, and elevated TIBC (Total iron-binging capacity)

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7
Q

How do you treat Iron anemia

A

Correct the underline cause, blood transfer, dietary, and oral supplementation. vitamin C

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8
Q

How do you treat anemia nuring wise

A

Education and foods high are iron ((e.g., beef or calf’s liver, chicken liver), other meats, beans (e.g., pinto, black, and garbanzo beans), leafy green vegetables, raisins, and molasses.) and vitamin C (to help with iron absorption) balance physical activity, adequate perfusion (O2), education compliance, and education

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9
Q

What is megaloblastic anemia

A

Anemia’s associated with vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency cause the same bone marrow and peripheral blood changes because both are needed for normal DNA synthesis. The erythrocytes produced with these nutritional deficiencies are abnormally large, thus they are termed megaloblastic red blood cells. Struggle to carry O2

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10
Q

What is Pernicious anemia

A

this condition occurs when the body’s immune system attacks cells in the stomach that produce a substance called intrinsic factor. Without this substance, B-12 can’t be absorbed in the intestines

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11
Q

What causes B12 Deficiency

A

A vegetarian diet, celiac/Crohn, Proton pump inhibitors

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12
Q

Sign/symptoms of perniccation anemia

A

Neurological Symptoms (Vitamin B12 Deficiency):
Peripheral Neuropathy: Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet.
Difficulty Walking: Problems with balance and coordination.
Cognitive Impairments: Memory loss, confusion, or difficulty thinking clearly.
Mood Changes: Irritability, depression, or even psychosis in severe cases

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13
Q

What is folate anemia

A

Also known as vitamin B-9, folate is a nutrient found mainly in dark green leafy vegetables and liver. A folate deficiency can occur when people don’t eat foods containing folate or their bodies are unable to absorb folate from food

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14
Q

What cause folic acid deficiency anemia

A

Alcohol ingestion, liver disease, chronic hemolytic anemia, and in women who are pregnant

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15
Q

Intervention for B9

A

Folic acids supplement and intermuscular injection if progressed to severe

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16
Q

What is Hemolytic anemia/ Sickle cell anemia

A

a disorder in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made

17
Q

What Is SCD

A

is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by inheritance of the sickle hemoglobin (HbS) gene

18
Q

What are the signs of SCD

A

Anemia
Episodes of pain
Swelling of hands and feet
Frequent infection
hemolysis and thrombosis

19
Q

What is the cause of SCD

A

The HbS gene is inherited primarily in people of African descent

20
Q

What do you do for SCD

A

Hydroxyurea, Pain control, hydration, control fatigue, preventing infection, good hygiene, coping

21
Q

What are other things that collaborate with SCD

A

hypoxia, ischemia, infection, delayed healing, dehydration, CVA, Anemia, Acute/chronic kidney disease, HF, Impotence, poor compliance/Substance abuse

22
Q

What should be included in your health history for anemia

A

Prior episodes of bleed such as gums, menorrhagian, Blood clots, weakness, shortness of breath, radiation therapy/chemo, diet, alcohol consumption

23
Q

How do you assess for anemia

A

Health history (assessments of ethnicity and family history, nutritional history, symptom or finding) and physical examination (comprehensive and include careful attention to the skin, oral cavity, lymph nodes, and spleen)

24
Q

What could you see in the skin with anemia

A

grey/tan skin, ruddy complexion, ecchymosis, petechiae, rash, bleeding, conjunctive hemorrhage, pallor, jaundice

25
What are the signs of anemia fro the oral cavity
petechiae in bucca, ulceration, smooth tongue, beefy and enlarge, angular cheilosis, large bums
26
What are the cue in the lymph nodes
enlarge size, firm, and fixed vs mobile and tender
27
What are the respiratory cues
Increase rate and depth, adventitious
28
How does anemia affect the cardiovascular system
DNV, edema, chest pain on exertion, murmurs gallops
29
Anemia in the GU
Hematuria, proteinuria
30
Anemia in Musculoskeletal
Rib/sternal and spinal tenderness, kyphosis, loss of height, back pain/swelling in knees wrist, and hands
31
Anemia in th abdominal
Enlarge spleen, liver, positive blood occult
32
CNS and anemia
Cranial nerve dysfunction and peripheral dysfunction (sensory), visual change, headaches, AMS.
33
Iron deficiency affect the perfusion, gas exchange, Fluid/electrolyte, comfort, stress and coping
Perfusion- because ot the low blood cell results in a decrease in O2 body may compesate with tachycardia Gas exchange- less RBC means there is less gas exchange Fluid and electrolyte balance - it affects the kidney and heart which in turn affect sodium and potassium and fluid retention Comfort- Anemia can cause various uncomfortable symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, headaches, and cold extremities due to poor oxygenation of tissues. Stress and coping- Chronic fatigue and other symptoms associated with anemia can increase physical and emotional stress Infection- Iron deficiency can impair immune function, as iron is essential for immune cell proliferation and function. Additionally, reduced oxygenation due to anemia can hinder the body's ability to fight infections.