Anemia Flashcards
What are the signs of anemia
Fatigue and weakness
Pale skin
Shortness of breath
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Cold hands and feet
Brittle nails\
Pica (craving for non-nutritive substances like ice, dirt, or starch)
Chest pain, rapid heartbeat, or shortness of breath
What is hyporproliferative anemia
when the bone marrow produces an inadequate number of erythrocytes. Cause by iron, B12, and folate deficient
What is iron deficiency anemia
is a common type of anemia that occurs when the body doesn’t have enough iron to produce adequate amounts of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen to the body’s tissues. Here are some key points about iron deficiency anemia:
What are so unique signs for Iron anemia
smooth, red tongue; brittle and ridged nails; and angular cheilosis, RLS, PICA
What are the main causes of iron anemia
Bloods loss and Chronic kidney disease
How do you diagnosis iron anemia
CBC, serum iron, low serum ferritin, and elevated TIBC (Total iron-binging capacity)
How do you treat Iron anemia
Correct the underline cause, blood transfer, dietary, and oral supplementation. vitamin C
How do you treat anemia nuring wise
Education and foods high are iron ((e.g., beef or calf’s liver, chicken liver), other meats, beans (e.g., pinto, black, and garbanzo beans), leafy green vegetables, raisins, and molasses.) and vitamin C (to help with iron absorption) balance physical activity, adequate perfusion (O2), education compliance, and education
What is megaloblastic anemia
Anemia’s associated with vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency cause the same bone marrow and peripheral blood changes because both are needed for normal DNA synthesis. The erythrocytes produced with these nutritional deficiencies are abnormally large, thus they are termed megaloblastic red blood cells. Struggle to carry O2
What is Pernicious anemia
this condition occurs when the body’s immune system attacks cells in the stomach that produce a substance called intrinsic factor. Without this substance, B-12 can’t be absorbed in the intestines
What causes B12 Deficiency
A vegetarian diet, celiac/Crohn, Proton pump inhibitors
Sign/symptoms of perniccation anemia
Neurological Symptoms (Vitamin B12 Deficiency):
Peripheral Neuropathy: Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet.
Difficulty Walking: Problems with balance and coordination.
Cognitive Impairments: Memory loss, confusion, or difficulty thinking clearly.
Mood Changes: Irritability, depression, or even psychosis in severe cases
What is folate anemia
Also known as vitamin B-9, folate is a nutrient found mainly in dark green leafy vegetables and liver. A folate deficiency can occur when people don’t eat foods containing folate or their bodies are unable to absorb folate from food
What cause folic acid deficiency anemia
Alcohol ingestion, liver disease, chronic hemolytic anemia, and in women who are pregnant
Intervention for B9
Folic acids supplement and intermuscular injection if progressed to severe
What is Hemolytic anemia/ Sickle cell anemia
a disorder in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made
What Is SCD
is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by inheritance of the sickle hemoglobin (HbS) gene
What are the signs of SCD
Anemia
Episodes of pain
Swelling of hands and feet
Frequent infection
hemolysis and thrombosis
What is the cause of SCD
The HbS gene is inherited primarily in people of African descent
What do you do for SCD
Hydroxyurea, Pain control, hydration, control fatigue, preventing infection, good hygiene, coping
What are other things that collaborate with SCD
hypoxia, ischemia, infection, delayed healing, dehydration, CVA, Anemia, Acute/chronic kidney disease, HF, Impotence, poor compliance/Substance abuse
What should be included in your health history for anemia
Prior episodes of bleed such as gums, menorrhagian, Blood clots, weakness, shortness of breath, radiation therapy/chemo, diet, alcohol consumption
How do you assess for anemia
Health history (assessments of ethnicity and family history, nutritional history, symptom or finding) and physical examination (comprehensive and include careful attention to the skin, oral cavity, lymph nodes, and spleen)
What could you see in the skin with anemia
grey/tan skin, ruddy complexion, ecchymosis, petechiae, rash, bleeding, conjunctive hemorrhage, pallor, jaundice
What are the signs of anemia fro the oral cavity
petechiae in bucca, ulceration, smooth tongue, beefy and enlarge, angular cheilosis, large bums
What are the cue in the lymph nodes
enlarge size, firm, and fixed vs mobile and tender
What are the respiratory cues
Increase rate and depth, adventitious
How does anemia affect the cardiovascular system
DNV, edema, chest pain on exertion, murmurs gallops
Anemia in the GU
Hematuria, proteinuria
Anemia in Musculoskeletal
Rib/sternal and spinal tenderness, kyphosis, loss of height, back pain/swelling in knees wrist, and hands
Anemia in th abdominal
Enlarge spleen, liver, positive blood occult
CNS and anemia
Cranial nerve dysfunction and peripheral dysfunction (sensory), visual change, headaches, AMS.
Iron deficiency affect the perfusion, gas exchange, Fluid/electrolyte, comfort, stress and coping
Perfusion- because ot the low blood cell results in a decrease in O2 body may compesate with tachycardia
Gas exchange- less RBC means there is less gas exchange Fluid and electrolyte balance - it affects the kidney and heart which in turn affect sodium and potassium and fluid retention Comfort- Anemia can cause various uncomfortable symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, headaches, and cold extremities due to poor oxygenation of tissues. Stress and coping- Chronic fatigue and other symptoms associated with anemia can increase physical and emotional stress Infection- Iron deficiency can impair immune function, as iron is essential for immune cell proliferation and function. Additionally, reduced oxygenation due to anemia can hinder the body's ability to fight infections.
