Anemia

Question 1

What are the signs of anemia

Answer 1

Fatigue and weakness
Pale skin
Shortness of breath
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Cold hands and feet
Brittle nails\
Pica (craving for non-nutritive substances like ice, dirt, or starch)
Chest pain, rapid heartbeat, or shortness of breath

Question 2

What is hyporproliferative anemia

Answer 2

when the bone marrow produces an inadequate number of erythrocytes. Cause by iron, B12, and folate deficient

Question 3

What is iron deficiency anemia

Answer 3

is a common type of anemia that occurs when the body doesn’t have enough iron to produce adequate amounts of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen to the body’s tissues. Here are some key points about iron deficiency anemia:

Question 4

What are so unique signs for Iron anemia

Answer 4

smooth, red tongue; brittle and ridged nails; and angular cheilosis, RLS, PICA

Question 5

What are the main causes of iron anemia

Answer 5

Bloods loss and Chronic kidney disease

Question 6

How do you diagnosis iron anemia

Answer 6

CBC, serum iron, low serum ferritin, and elevated TIBC (Total iron-binging capacity)

Question 7

How do you treat Iron anemia

Answer 7

Correct the underline cause, blood transfer, dietary, and oral supplementation. vitamin C

Question 8

How do you treat anemia nuring wise

Answer 8

Education and foods high are iron ((e.g., beef or calf’s liver, chicken liver), other meats, beans (e.g., pinto, black, and garbanzo beans), leafy green vegetables, raisins, and molasses.) and vitamin C (to help with iron absorption) balance physical activity, adequate perfusion (O2), education compliance, and education

Question 9

What is megaloblastic anemia

Answer 9

Anemia’s associated with vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency cause the same bone marrow and peripheral blood changes because both are needed for normal DNA synthesis. The erythrocytes produced with these nutritional deficiencies are abnormally large, thus they are termed megaloblastic red blood cells. Struggle to carry O2

Question 10

What is Pernicious anemia

Answer 10

this condition occurs when the body’s immune system attacks cells in the stomach that produce a substance called intrinsic factor. Without this substance, B-12 can’t be absorbed in the intestines

Question 11

What causes B12 Deficiency

Answer 11

A vegetarian diet, celiac/Crohn, Proton pump inhibitors

Question 12

Sign/symptoms of perniccation anemia

Answer 12

Neurological Symptoms (Vitamin B12 Deficiency):
Peripheral Neuropathy: Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet.
Difficulty Walking: Problems with balance and coordination.
Cognitive Impairments: Memory loss, confusion, or difficulty thinking clearly.
Mood Changes: Irritability, depression, or even psychosis in severe cases

Question 13

What is folate anemia

Answer 13

Also known as vitamin B-9, folate is a nutrient found mainly in dark green leafy vegetables and liver. A folate deficiency can occur when people don’t eat foods containing folate or their bodies are unable to absorb folate from food

Question 14

What cause folic acid deficiency anemia

Answer 14

Alcohol ingestion, liver disease, chronic hemolytic anemia, and in women who are pregnant

Question 15

Intervention for B9

Answer 15

Folic acids supplement and intermuscular injection if progressed to severe

Question 16

What is Hemolytic anemia/ Sickle cell anemia

Answer 16

a disorder in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made

Question 17

What Is SCD

Answer 17

is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by inheritance of the sickle hemoglobin (HbS) gene

Question 18

What are the signs of SCD

Answer 18

Anemia
Episodes of pain
Swelling of hands and feet
Frequent infection
hemolysis and thrombosis

Question 19

What is the cause of SCD

Answer 19

The HbS gene is inherited primarily in people of African descent

Question 20

What do you do for SCD

Answer 20

Hydroxyurea, Pain control, hydration, control fatigue, preventing infection, good hygiene, coping

Question 21

What are other things that collaborate with SCD

Answer 21

hypoxia, ischemia, infection, delayed healing, dehydration, CVA, Anemia, Acute/chronic kidney disease, HF, Impotence, poor compliance/Substance abuse

Question 22

What should be included in your health history for anemia

Answer 22

Prior episodes of bleed such as gums, menorrhagian, Blood clots, weakness, shortness of breath, radiation therapy/chemo, diet, alcohol consumption

Question 23

How do you assess for anemia

Answer 23

Health history (assessments of ethnicity and family history, nutritional history, symptom or finding) and physical examination (comprehensive and include careful attention to the skin, oral cavity, lymph nodes, and spleen)

Question 24

What could you see in the skin with anemia

Answer 24

grey/tan skin, ruddy complexion, ecchymosis, petechiae, rash, bleeding, conjunctive hemorrhage, pallor, jaundice

Question 25

What are the signs of anemia fro the oral cavity

Answer 25

petechiae in bucca, ulceration, smooth tongue, beefy and enlarge, angular cheilosis, large bums

Question 26

What are the cue in the lymph nodes

Answer 26

enlarge size, firm, and fixed vs mobile and tender

Question 27

What are the respiratory cues

Answer 27

Increase rate and depth, adventitious

Question 28

How does anemia affect the cardiovascular system

Answer 28

DNV, edema, chest pain on exertion, murmurs gallops

Question 29

Anemia in the GU

Answer 29

Hematuria, proteinuria

Question 30

Anemia in Musculoskeletal

Answer 30

Rib/sternal and spinal tenderness, kyphosis, loss of height, back pain/swelling in knees wrist, and hands

Question 31

Anemia in th abdominal

Answer 31

Enlarge spleen, liver, positive blood occult

Question 32

CNS and anemia

Answer 32

Cranial nerve dysfunction and peripheral dysfunction (sensory), visual change, headaches, AMS.

Question 33

Iron deficiency affect the perfusion, gas exchange, Fluid/electrolyte, comfort, stress and coping

Answer 33

Perfusion- because ot the low blood cell results in a decrease in O2 body may compesate with tachycardia

Gas exchange- less RBC means there is less gas exchange  

Fluid and electrolyte balance - it affects the kidney and heart which in turn affect sodium and potassium and fluid retention 

Comfort- Anemia can cause various uncomfortable symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, headaches, and cold extremities due to poor oxygenation of tissues.  

Stress and coping- Chronic fatigue and other symptoms associated with anemia can increase physical and emotional stress 

Infection- Iron deficiency can impair immune function, as iron is essential for immune cell proliferation and function. Additionally, reduced oxygenation due to anemia can hinder the body's ability to fight infections.