Andrology/infertility

Question 1

Dihydrotestosterone is produced from:

A. PSA
B. Luteinising hormone (LH)
C.Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 1

C.Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)

Question 2

Diabetes-induced erectile dysfunktion may benefit from chronic vardenafil therapy through effect on:

A. Down regulation of Caveolin receptors
B. Signal transduction upregulation of suppressin-3
C. Increase in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide expression
D. The endothelial NOS: Caveolin-1 ratio (eNOS/Caveolin-1)

Answer 2

D. The endothelial NOS: Caveolin-1 ratio (eNOS/Caveolin-1)

Question 3

What is NOT a mechanism by which diabetes can result in erectile dysfunction?

A. Atherosclerosis
B. Ischaemic priapism
C. peripheral neuropathy
D. Endothelial dysfunction

Answer 3

B. Ischaemic priapism

Question 4

The most important gene for male genital development is:

A. amh
B. azf
C. cftr
D. sry

Answer 4

D. sry

Question 5

Which is a secondary form of hypogonadism?

A. Klinefelters syndrome
B. Kallmans syndrome
C. Adrenal insufficency
D. Prolactinoma

Answer 5

B. Kallmans syndrome

Question 6

Which is the correct order of the spermatogenesis process?

1. Spermatozoa
2. Spermatids
3. Primary spermatocyte
4. Spermatogonium
5. Secondary spermatocyte

A. 3-5-4-2-1
B. 4-3-5-2-1
C. 4-2-3-5-1
D. 3-5-2-4-1

Answer 6

B. 4-3-5-2-1

Spermatogonium
Primary spermatocyte
Secondary spermatocyte
Spermatids
Spermatozoa

Question 7

What diagnostic measure is needed to confirm a diagnosis of azoospermia?

A. At least 1 centrifuged semen specimen
B. At least 2 centrifuged semen specimens
C kariotype analysis
D. Spermiogram is usually enough

Answer 7

B. At least 2 centrifuged semen specimens

Question 8

What term is used to denote a state in which semen analysis shows motile spermatozoa to be lower than 32%?

A. Cryptozoospermia
B. Oligozoospermia
C. Tragozoospermia
D. Asthenozoospermia

Answer 8

D. Asthenozoospermia

Question 9

How many layers comprise the tunica albuginea of the penile corpora cavernosa?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Answer 9

B. 2

Question 10

Which area of the central nervous system is responsible for activating an erection?

A. Cerebral cortex
B. Nucleus paragigantocellularis
C. Preoptic medial area
D. Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

Answer 10

D. Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

Question 11

Which pharmaceutical has the longest half-life?

A. Avanafil
B. Vardenafil
C. Tadalafil
D. Sildenafil

Answer 11

C. Tadalafil

Question 12

Which is the most common cause of male infertility?

A. Varicocele
B. Testicular dysgenesis
C. Urogenital infections
D. Obstruction of the seminal path

Answer 12

B. Testicular dysgenesis

Question 13

Which is adviced for monitoring patients who are on testosterone therapy for male hypogonadism?

A. Perform a DEXA scan every year
B. Measure Hematocrit, testosterone and PSA at 3,6 and 12 months and thereafter annually
C. Measure PSA, SHBG, LH and testosterone every 6 months
D. Measure PSA and testosterone at 3 and 6 months and thereafter annually, and perform a DEXA scan after 1 year

Answer 13

B. Measure Hematocrit, testosterone and PSA at 3,6 and 12 months and thereafter annually

Question 14

What is the proportion of male-infertility-associated factors volontary childless couples?

A. 5-10% of the cases
B. 20-30 % of the cases
C. 40-50 % of the cases
D. 60-70 % of the cases

Answer 14

C. 40-50 % of the cases

Question 15

What is the prevalence of varicocele in the general adult population?

A. 6%
B. 12%
C. 18%
D. 24%

Answer 15

B. 12%