andrology and male infertility

Question 1

the consistent or recurrent inability of a man to obtain and/or maintain a penile erection sufficient for sexual activity

Answer 1

erectile dysfunction

Question 2

is ED an editable part of aging?

Answer 2

no

Question 3

Shared Risk Factors:ED and Cardiovascular Disease

Answer 3

Hypertension
Diabetes
Dyslipidemia
Depression
Smoking
Obesity
Sedentary Lifestyle

Question 4

ED may be the first sign of underlying ______

Answer 4

Cardiovascular Disease!

Question 5

Vascular smooth muscle relaxation causing increased blood flow into the __________ of the penis

Answer 5

corpora cavernosa

Question 6

tumescence

Answer 6

penile rigidity

Question 7

Compression of _______ at the tunica albuginea (outer layer) of the corpora cavernosa causing penile rigidity or tumescence

Answer 7

venous outflow

Question 8

Detumescence occurs following cessation of ________ or ______ during ejaculation

Answer 8

neurotransmitter release

or

sympathetic discharge

Question 9

parasympathetic innervation to the penis arises from this location

Answer 9

Arise from S2-S4

Question 10

sympathetic innervation to the penis arises from this location

Answer 10

Sympathetic

Originate at T10-T12 levels

Question 11

sensory innervation to the penis is ____ and is the terminal ending of the _____

Answer 11

Dorsal penile nerves

terminal end of the pudendal nerve

Question 12

_______ artery enters corpora cavernosal bodies and gives off many helicine arteries supplying sinusoids

Answer 12

Cavernous

Question 13

describe the molecular mechanism of tumescence

Answer 13

Parasympathetic release of Nitric Oxide (NO), increased cGMP, decreases Ca in the serum, sequesters calcium in the smooth ER, vasorelaxation

Question 14

mechanism of detumescence

Answer 14

Adrenergic release of norepi
Endothelial-derived factors
increased IP3 and DAG
Opening of Ca2+ channels
Increase intracellular Ca2+
Smooth muscle contraction

Question 15

Peyronie’s Disease

Answer 15

A connective tissue disorder characterized by development of dense collagen plaque in the tunica albuginea of the penis, resulting in curvature of the erection and sexual dysfunction

Question 16

first line treatment for ED

Answer 16

PDE-5 Inhibitors

Question 17

mechanism for viagra

Answer 17

Prevent breakdown of cGMP by PDE-5

Leads to ↑cGMP and ↓intracellular Ca2+

Question 18

differences between taladifil and viagra

Answer 18

Taladifil has a longer half life

Question 19

symptoms of hypogonadism

Answer 19

Symptoms include ED, low libido, low energy, fatigue, decreased muscle mass

Question 20

affect of testosterone on the kidney

Answer 20

Stimulation of erythropoietin production

Question 21

affect of testosterone on the muscle

Answer 21

increased muscle mass

Question 22

affect of testosterone on the bone marrow

Answer 22

Stimulation of stem cells

Question 23

impact of T on the skin

Answer 23

Hair growth, balding, sebum production

Question 24

impact of T on the liver

Answer 24

Synthesis of serum proteins

Question 25

impact of T on male sex organs

Answer 25

Penile growth, spermatogenesis, prostate growth, and function

Question 26

impact of T on bone

Answer 26

Accelerated linear growth, closure of epiphyses

Question 27

ED may be a harbinger of significant __________ or side effect from poor lifestyle choices

Answer 27

cardiovascular disease

Question 28

infertility

Answer 28

Inability to conceive via unprotected natural intercourse in 12 months