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Chemistry > Andrew's Brainscape Chem Final Deck > Flashcards

Andrew's Brainscape Chem Final Deck Flashcards

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1
Q

Identify the state of matter: has no fixed volume or shape; rather, it conforms to the volume and shape of its container

A

Gas

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2
Q

Identify the state of matter: A ______ can be compressed to occupy a smaller volume, or it can expand to occupy a larger one

A

gas

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3
Q

Identify the state of matter: has a distinct volume independent of its container but has no specific shape

A

Liquid

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4
Q

Identify the state of matter: A ________ assumes the shape of the portion of the container that is occupies

A

liquid

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5
Q

identify the state of matter: has both a definite shape and a definite volume

A

Solid

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6
Q

T/F: Both liquids and gasses can be compressed to an appreciable extent

A

False. Neither liquids nor solids, only gas, can be compressed to any appreciable extent

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7
Q

T/F: Air is considered a chemically pure subtance

A

False. Air is composed a variety of different molecules

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8
Q

A _________ is matter that has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample.

A

pure substance

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9
Q

T/F: Seawater is considered a chemically pure substance

A

False. Sea water is composed of both water molecules and sodium chloride molecules, thereby making it not a pure substance.

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10
Q

T/F: All substances are either elements or compounds.

A

True.

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11
Q

T/F: An element can be composed of one or more kind of atom

A

False. An element is composed of only one kind of atom. A molecule made of more than one atom or element is a compound.

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12
Q

T/F: Water is an element.

A

False: Water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen atoms, thereby making it a compound

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13
Q

T/F: Coffee is a pure subtance

A

False: Coffee is composed a multitude of different molecules from the water molecules to the caffeine molecules. Coffee is considered a homogeneous mixture.

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14
Q

T/F: Seawater is considered a homogeneous mixture.

A

True

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15
Q

What is another term for homogeneous mixture?

A

Solution

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16
Q

T/F: Solids can be solutions

A

True! A solution is a uniform mixture that has variable composition (is composed of more than 1 type of molecule) e.g. White Gold [made of gold and palladium molecules]

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17
Q

T/F: Gas can be solutions

A

True! A solution is a uniform mixture that has variable composition (is composed of more than 1 type of molecule) e.g. Air [made of oxygen, nitrogen, and other molecules]

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18
Q

______ properties can be observed without changing the identity and composition of the subtance

A

Physical

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19
Q

______ properties describe the way a substance may change, or react, to form other subtances

A

Chemical

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20
Q

Which of these are diatomic? (C, Mg, I)

A

Only I

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21
Q

Which of these are diatomic? (Br, Zn, Cl)

A

Br and Cl

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22
Q

Which of these are diatomic? (C, P, H, O)

A

H and O

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23
Q

Which of these are diatomic? (F, N, Mg, Zn)

A

F and N

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24
Q

T/F: Elements can be decomposed into simpler substances

A

False

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25
Q

Is color a physical property of chemical property?

A

physical

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26
Q

Is flammability a physical property of chemical property?

A

chemical

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27
Q

Is odor a physical property of chemical property?

A

physical

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28
Q

Is density a physical property of chemical property?

A

physical

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29
Q

Is melting point a physical property of chemical property?

A

physical

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30
Q

Is boiling point a physical property of chemical property?

A

physical

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31
Q

Is hardness a physical property of chemical property?

A

physical

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32
Q

Is rusting a physical property of chemical property?

A

chemical

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33
Q

Is conductivity a physical property of chemical property?

A

physical

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34
Q

Is water evaporation a physical or chemical change?

A

physical

35
Q

T/F: All changes of state (from liquid to gas or from liquid to solid) are physical changes

A

True

36
Q

The prefix penta- refers to which number?

A

5

37
Q

Is hydrogen burning in air a physical or chemical change?

A

chemical

38
Q

During a _________ change a substance changes its physical appearance but not its composition

A

physical

39
Q

During a _________ change a substance is transformed into a chemically different substance

A

chemical

40
Q

Is plants using carbon dioxide and water to make sugar a physical or chemical change?

A

chemical

41
Q

Is water vapor forming frost on a cold day a physical or chemical change?

A

physical

42
Q

The prefix tetra- refers to which number?

A

4

43
Q

The prefix Mega- refers to which number?

A

10^6

44
Q

The prefix Deci- refers to which number?

A

10^-1

45
Q

The prefix Kilo- refers to which number?

A

10^3

46
Q

The prefix Milli- refers to which number?

A

10^-3

47
Q

The prefix Micro- refers to which number?

A

10^-6

48
Q

How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin?

A

Celsius + 273 = # Kelvin

49
Q

How do you convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?

A

(9/5)*C + 32 = F

50
Q

What is the equation for density?

A

Density = Mass / Volume

51
Q

______ is a measure of how closely individual measurements agree with one another.

A

Precision

52
Q

______ is a measure of how closely individual measurements agree with the correct, or “true,” value.

A

Accuracy

53
Q

The prefix tri- refers to which number?

A

3

54
Q

T/F: All digits of a measured quantity, including the uncertain one, are called significant figures

A

True

55
Q

How many significant figures are in: 1.03

A

3

56
Q

How many significant figures are in: 1005

A

4

57
Q

How many significant figures are in: 0.02

A

1 (zeroes at the beginning of a number are never significant)

58
Q

How many significant figures are in: 0.0200

A

3 (zeroes at the end of a number are significant if the number contains a decimal point)

59
Q

How many significant figures are in: 3.0

A

2 (zeroes at the end of a number are significant if the number contains a decimal point)

60
Q

How many significant figures are in: 300

A

1 (zeroes at the end of a number are significant ONLY if the number contains a decimal point)

61
Q

Write the chemical formula for Calcium hydroxide

A

Ca(OH)2 [do not forget the parenthesis around the OH]

62
Q

An atom’s nucleus is made up of only ______ & _________.

A

protons and neutrons

63
Q

Define endothermic with two words

A

Gaining heat

64
Q

Define exothermic with two words

A

Losing heat

65
Q

An ice cube is melting on the sidewalk (endothermic or exothermic)

A

endothermic

66
Q

Wood is burning in the fireplace (endothermic or exothermic)

A

exothermic

67
Q

What charge does a lithium ion have?

A

+1

68
Q

What charge does an oxygen atom have?

A

0 (remember an atom’s protons and electrons are ALWAYS equal)

69
Q

Is water polar or non-polar?

A

Polar (all water molecules are polar)

70
Q

Can water dissolve a non-polar molecule?

A

No, water is polar and therefore cannot dissolve non-polar molecules (like dissolves like)

71
Q

What are the 3 Laws of Atomic Theory?

A
  1. Law of Conservation of Mass
  2. Law of Definite Composition
  3. Law of Multiple Proportions
72
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

A

Mass cannot be created or destroyed

73
Q

What is the Law of Definite Composition

A

A substance is made of the same proportions regardless of the size or source of the sample

74
Q

What is Law of Multiple Proportions?

A

Compounds made of the same elements can be expressed in a whole number ratio

75
Q

Which scientist discovered the proton?

A

Thomson

76
Q

Which scientist measured the mass of an electron?

A

Millikan

77
Q

Which scientist discovered the atom has a nucleus?

A

Rutherford

78
Q

Which scientist determined the order of elements by atomic number?

A

Mosely

79
Q

Which scientist obtained first evidence of a neutron?

A

Bothe

80
Q

Which scientist formed the basis of our present atomic theory?

A

Dalton

81
Q

Which scientist credited with discovery of neutron?

A

Chadwick

82
Q

Which scientist discovered the electron?

A

Thomson

83
Q

Which scientist discovered the first isotopes using neon?

A

Thomson

84
Q

Explain 3 major problems with Dalton’s atomic theory?

A
  1. Atoms are not the smallest particles (protons, neutrons, etc.)
  2. Isotopes exist so not every atom of the same element is exactly the same
  3. Atoms can be split

Chemistry (5 decks)

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