Andrew Johnson 1865-68

Question 1

What was the USA like in 1865

Answer 1

Growing power
Sense of national indentity

Question 2

What were the weaknesses of federal government

Answer 2

Partys were divided and constitution was split meaning it was hard to pass legislation. Constitution was based on separation of powers making it hard to gain support in congress.
The fierce resentment in the south made it hard to agree on a policy for reconstruction.

Question 3

When did Andrew Johnson become president

Answer 3

April 1865

Question 4

Was Johnson supportive of Lincoln

Answer 4

Yes and was vice president

Question 5

What did Johnson do in may 1865 in response to reconstruction

Answer 5

Launched his own programme of reconstruction that appeared soft towards southern states

Question 6

What was the result of Johnson’s atempt at reconstruction

Answer 6

4 years of dispute
Split in the Republican Party
Leaving Johnson very unpopular

Question 7

What happened to Johnson as a result of poor leadership

Answer 7

He was impeached in 1868 and narrowly escaped being convicted

Question 8

What was Johnson’s aim concerning reconstruction

Answer 8

To act quickly in bringing the south back into political mainstream

Question 9

What did Johnson do in order to bring back souther states

Answer 9

Johnson announced that all southerners except confederate soldiers and rich plantation owners would be pardoned if they swore an oath of allegiance to the union, he eventually issued around 13,000 pardons

Question 10

What did Johnson’s pardons aim to achieve

Answer 10

Opened the way for state coventions to set up lawful state governments that would then accept abolition of slabery and renounce the illegal Action of braking away from the union in 1861

Question 11

What was the results of Johnson’s pardoning

Answer 11

Aroused intense opposition from republicans, his plan to prosecute confederate leaders was dropped

Question 12

What had Johnson wanted to do the aristocracy

Answer 12

He wanted to purge the aristocracy and prevent them from regaining power and influence however the new state governments were dominated by the same old southern elites and men elected to represent southern states were former confederates

Question 13

How were blacks treated under Johnson

Answer 13

Every state bought in black codes that placed severe restrictions on black people. Several states refused to ratify the constitutional amendment abolishing slavery

Question 14

What were the black codes

Answer 14

They accepted basic rights of freed slaves such as right to marry and right to own property. But there were harsh limitations, many states imposed segregation and prohibited interracial marriage blacks were not allowed to testify against white also faced difficulties getting out of slavery

Question 15

What did the northerners think about Johnson

Answer 15

They believed that Johnson had betrayed the high hopes aroused by victory in the civil war. He undermined the status of black people in the south and allowed the old gang of confederate leaders to creep back into pollitics

Question 16

What was the reaction of northerners to Johnson

Answer 16

When congress convened in December 1865 it was dominated by angry republicans determined to wipe out the black codes and to remove former confederates from power.

Question 17

What was the freedmen’s bureau

Answer 17

Provided assistance to African Americans with family issues

Question 18

What happened in the 1866 midterms

Answer 18

Republicans won all but three seats
In the new congress the republicans have 2/3 majority they could override any veto

Question 19

What were the race riots

Answer 19

In the summer of 1866 there were serious race riots
Memphis in may
July New Orleans
Resulted in 80-90 deaths
Klux klux clan was started

Question 20

What was the civil rights act

Answer 20

Was passed in march 1866 and was vetoed by Johnson this attempted to restate the rights of African Americans

Question 21

What completing political factions did Johnson face

Answer 21

Democrats, conservative republicans, moderate republicans and radical republicans

Question 22

How did johnson make his job harder

Answer 22

Alienated potential allies with his veto and and drove them into allying with radicals

Question 23

What did Johnson first use his veto for in febuary 1866

Answer 23

Renewal of freedmen’s bureau

Question 24

What did Johnson veto in July 1866

Answer 24

Another freedmen’s bureau act

Question 25

How did congress respond to Johnson’s veto’s

Answer 25

Voted to override presidential veto

Question 26

What was the 14th amendment

Answer 26

Created in April 1866 by the alliance between moderate and radical republicans this was used to secure civil rights act guaranteed equality

Question 27

When was 14th amendment ratified

Answer 27

1868

Question 28

What was the 15th amendment

Answer 28

Adopted by congress in February 1869 of prohibited federal or state governing from denying citizens right to vote on the basis of race this was ratified in march 1870

Question 29

What was reaction to 14th amendment

Answer 29

Johnson refused to compromise and denounced it almost entire south depicted it as northern revenge

Question 30

What was the reconstruction act

Answer 30

Johnson vetoed it in march 1867
Congress voted it through again to override presidential veto
All previous measures to reintegrate the southern states were declared void
Tennessee was the only state to become recognised the other ten ex confederate states were effectively abolished and placed under military rule once the states ratified the fourteenth amendment the state would be accepted back into the union

Question 31

When was the kkk set up

Answer 31

1865

Question 32

What was the command of the army act

Answer 32

Reduced Johnson’s military power

Question 33

What was the tenure of office act

Answer 33

Passed to stop him getting rid of Edwin Stanton in 1868 Johnson’s tried to dismis him, this helped them start process of impeachment

Question 34

Who was the leader of the radicals

Answer 34

Thaddeus Steven’s