Andrew Jackson Flashcards
Election of 1824
- John Quincy Adams vs. Andrew Jackson
- Jackson gets the most votes but doesn’t get the majority so the decision goes to HOR
- Henry Clay used his influence as Speaker of the House to help Adams win the presidency. In return, Adams makes Clay the Secretary of State
Andrew Jackson
- Rose to fame following the War of 1812
- Won the 1828 and 1832 elections
- Married to Rachel Donaldson
- He was known for being the “common man”
Henry Clay
- Became secretary of state
- Ran for president 5 times
- Supported national bank’s new charter and tried to use it against Jackson (it backfired)
John Quincy Adams
- Won election of 1824
Corrupt Bargain
Henry Clay agreed to use his influence as Speaker of the House to help Adams win the presidency. In return, Adams promoted Clay to secretary of state.
Democrats
- Favored state rights
- Held office for 12 years straight until William Henry
- Was the only party in 1824
National Republicans
- Supported a national bank and a strong central government
- Would become the Whig party
- Supporters included merchants and farmers
John C. Calhoun
- From South Carolina
- Favored state rights
- Argued that states could nullify the 1828 tariff
- Jackson’s VP in his first presidency
Suffrage
Right to vote in political elections
Spoils System
- Jackson replaced federal workers with his own supporters
- Jackson favored this system
Tariff
Tax on imported goods
Tariff of Abominations
- Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 with a high fee on European goods
- Outraged the South
- Meant to protect US industries from foreign competition
- Sparked the Nullification Crisis which led to Calhoun resigning as VP
Nullify
A state rejects a federal law
Secede
Withdraw from the Union
Webster-Hayne Debate
- Debate regarding the secession of states
- Webster argued that nullification would result in the collapse of the union
- Hayne argued that states had the right to nullify federal laws/bills and to secede from the union
Nullification Act
- Made by South Carolina in 1832 when Congress passed a new, lower tariff in hope to ease the anger in the south
- Declared that South Carolina would not pay the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 and would secede if the federal government tried to stop them
- Sparked force bill
Force Bill
-consequence of South Carolina’s Nullification Act
-how Andrew Jackson resolved Nullification Crisis
-allowed president to use US military force to enforce acts of Congress
-SC state leaders voted to nullify this bill
“Five Civilized Tribes”
-referred to tribes in the Southeast which met American approval culturally
-Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Seminole
Indian Removal Act
- Passed in 1830
- Paid Native Americans to leave their land which was wanted by settlers
- Established Indian territory in present-day Oklahoma
Cherokee Nation
- Refused to give up their land
- Sued the George state government in Worcester v. Georgia and won
- Eventually was forced to leave their land on the Trail of Tears
John Ross
Principal Chief of the Cherokee
Worcester v. Georgia
- 1832 Supreme Court Case
- Cherokee sued the state of Georgia because Georgia tried to enforce state laws on them
- Cherokee nation won
- John Marshall supported the Cherokee
- Jackson decided to disregard the court ruling and supported Georgia
Trail of Tears
The journey Cherokee nation took from their homeland to the west of the Mississippi
National Bank
- Hated by Andrew Jackson
- He felt it was unconstitutional
- Controlled much of the nations money
- Jackson killed the national bank
- President of the bank was Nicholas Biddle
Martin Van Buren
- Jacksons VP during his second presidency
- Jackson’s successor and became president
- Did not help the economy when it was down
- Lost to Harrison in 1840 election
Election of 1832
- Jackson vs. Clay
- Jackson won
- Clay tried to use the national bank against Jackson
Panic of 1837
- Economic crisis under the Van Buren administration
- Van Buren didn’t do much to help the economy (laissez-faire)
- New treasury system put together to prevent future disasters
Laissez- Faire
The idea that the government should not interfere with the economy
Whigs
- Consisted of National Republicans and Jackson haters
- Rose to power in 1840 when Harrison won the election
- Used a log cabin as their symbol
Election of 1840
-Martin Van Buren vs William Henry Harrison and his running mate, John Tyler
-WHH won but died less than 3 months after his inauguration due to pneumonia, John Tyler became president
-John Tyler did not act like a Whig and betrayed his party
William Henry Harrison
-first Whig to be elected (in 1840)
-died from pneumonia in April 1840
-War of 1812 hero at Tippecanoe
-portrayed as “man of the people” by Whig Party
John Tyler
- Became president after Harrison died
- Was a “democrat dressed in whig clothes”
- Seen as a trader to the Whigs
- Whig leaders in Congress expelled Tyler from the party
Under what circumstances did Andrew Jackson rise to power? What did he and the Democrats promise?
Jackson rose to power after the election of 1828. He ran against the National Republican candidate John Quincy Adams. He promised “equal protection and benefits” to all white men. He was seen as a war hero and the “common man”.
How did the American democratic system change in the 1820s? How did representation expand and for who? Why did participation in politics increase?
Almost all white men were allowed to vote in political elections. Participation in elections/politics increased dramatically as for almost all white men could vote now.
How did conflicts over tariffs/nullification and the National Bank cause conflict during Andrew Jackson’s presidency? What were the effects of these conflicts?
The government placed a high tariff on European goods. This outraged people in the South, specifically South Carolina. SC protested and voted to nullify the act and refused to pay the tariff. They threatened to secede the union. Jackson settled this with the Force Act which gave him permission to use the military to enforce acts of Congress.
How did passage of the Indian Removal Act impact life for Native Americans east of the Mississippi River (specifically the Cherokees)? What resistance developed in response?
The Cherokee refused to leave their land and sued the state of George in Worcester v. Georgia. The court ruled/agreed with the Cherokee and stated that since they were a foreign nation, the laws of Georgia would not apply to them. However, Jackson disregarded the court ruling and used force to move them from their homeland to the west of the Mississippi. The Cherokee had to get used to their new area.
