Andie State Exam Prep Flashcards
The electrical impulses of the heart are represented as PQRST waves. The P wave represents atrial deplorisation them impulse delayed at the AV node.
What does the QRS wave and the T wave represent?
QRS represents ventricle deplorisation.
T Wave - ventricle replorisation
Atherosclerosis, anaemia, hypotension. How will these affect the oxygen supply of the heart?
They will decrease oxygen supply of the heart.
What are some factors and illnesses that will increase oxygen supply to the heart?
Stress, physical work, hypertension and thyrotoxicosis.
What is angina?
Pain in the chest due to decrease in oxygen supply. Stable is only on exertion and unstable means it may happen at any time.
What is congestive heart failure?
There is not enough cardiac output to maintain metabolic need.
CHF can be represented by systolic failure or diastolic failure. Is systolic failure an issue with contraction or an issue filling the heart?
Systolic is an issue with contraction - meaning it will not be able to exert enough blood out of the ventricles.
Diastolic failure is where there is not enough blood flow into the heart.
What is left sided heart failure?
The left ventricle of the heart is no longer able to pump enough blood around the body. This results in a build up in the pulmonary veins.
What are some symptoms of left sided heart failure?
Due to the build up of fluid in the pulmonary veins, it will cause SOB, trouble breathing or coughing, increased HR and weight gain - can feel like you are drowning.
What is right sided heart failure?
Where the ventricles are too weak to pump enough fluid around the body, it will cause fluid to back up into the body.
What are some symptoms of right sided heart failure?
Due to the build up of fluid in the body, it will cause weight gain, swelling in hands and legs, oedema, lethargic, irregular HR, enlarged liver.
What are some diagnostic tests used to diagnose heart failure?
B type natriuretic peptide - release by ventricles when there is excessive pressure.
X-ray
Echo
True or false. A myocardial infarction occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in one or more of the coronary arteries - this will cause damage to the heart.
True - the blockage may be due to build of plaque or cellular waste.
What are some risk factors for a MI?
high BP
high cholesterol levels
high BGLs
obesity
smoking
age
family history
What would someone present with if there was a suspected MI?
Pressure or tightness in the chest.
SOB
Sweating
Nausea
Vomiting
Anxiety
Increased HR
Referred pain in the jaw, upper back
What are some diagnostic tests for someone with a suspected MI?
ECG
Blood test - troponin - which is released from the heart muscle after injury.
Echocardiogram - identify which areas of the heart.t
