Andes and Incas Flashcards
Formative period in the Andean region
2000 BC - 200 AD
Classical Period for the Andes
200-1100 AD
Post classical region for the Andes
1100-1532 AD
Main food of the people from the Andes
Potato
Quinoa
Maize (Choclo)
Which was a very important animal for the people of the Andes
Llama
What did the llama provide
Wool
Milk
Meat
It was their “beast of burden”
Main city of the Andean people
Chavin
What else what Chavin called
The “mother culture”
What was the time period of Chavin
2500+ BC - 300 AD
What was the center of Chavin called, and what did it serve as
Chavin de Huantar
Ceremonial center
Pilgrimage center
Where did priests get their power from
The jaguar
Besides being priests, what else did they do
Astronomers
Experts in agriculture
Oracles
Which was the main domesticated animals of the Andean people
Llama
What was one of the most important hydraulic engineering achievements of the Andean people
Built canals
What was the temple at Chavin called
The castle
What things were on the walls at the castle
Heads made out of stone
What was found in the plaza in front of the castle at Chavin?
The tello obelisk
What was the raimondi stela and where was it found
A stele made with the God of staffs on it. It was found in a nearby hut of a peasant
Where was the monolithic spear (el lanzon) found and what God could it have been a tribute to
In the temple
Guari
What did the Andean people make very well out of clay
Stirrup spout vessel
Time period of the paracas
700 BC - 200 AD
Physical characteristic of the paracas people
Cranial deformation
What was one of the most used medical procedures done in the paracas people
Trepanation
Capital city of moche
Mochica
Time period of Moche
1-600 AD
Main metal found in moche
Copper
What were the two main temples in Moche called
Huaca of the sun
Huaca of the moon
What were the huaca of the sun and moon made of
Adobe
Main God of the Moche people
Ai Apaec
What else was ai Apaec called
The decapitator
What were caballitos de totora
A water craft that people of the Moche rode on to fish
5 artistic phases of the Moche people
Common Pictonic Sculptural Pathologic Erotic
Tomb found in Moche that was extremely important find
Tomb of the lord of sipan
Time period of the nazca culture
200 BC - 700 AD
Main city of the nazca people
Cahuachi
What hydronic system did the nazca people create
Puquios
Cemetery of cauchilla
Had separate rooms where people were buried. Outdoors
Who found the nazca lines
Maria reiche
Time period of tiahuanaco-huari
1400 BC - 1100 AD
What was charqui and what was it sometimes used as
Jerky
Currency
What is quipu
Instrument used to count and figure out different things or write down some things
How were quipus categorized
Color
What was puma punku
Site with amazing stone buildings
What was at the entrance of kalasasaya
The sun door
What God was on the sun door?
Showed a mix of the God of staffs and ai Apaec (maybe it was viracocha)
Time period of chimu
1300-1470 AD
Main city of chimu
Chan chan
Language in chimu
Quingnam
What were huachaques
Where the chimu people would get their water
Who conquered the chimu
The incas
Language of the incas
Quechua
Main 3 writers of the incas
Garcilaso de la vega
Felipe waman poma de ayala
Jose de acosta
Who was garcilasos dad
A Spanish noble
Who was garcilasos mom
An Incan princess
What was garcilasos ethnicity called
Mestizo
What did garcilaso write
Royal commentaries of the incas
What culture were both of felipe waman poma de Ayalas parents
Incan
What was Jose de Acosta a member of?
The Jesuits
Curacazgo Inca
Reign of the kingdom in Cuzco
Time period of curacazgo
1200-1438 AD
First Incan
Manco capac
Who was Manco capacs sister and what did they do
Mama ocllo
Got married
Creator God of the incas
Viracocha
What did viracocha give Manco capac and what did he say to do with that object
A golden staff
Take his people and hit the staff on the ground until it sinks. Where the staff sinks is where they are to stay
Where did the staff sink according to legend of Manco capac
Cuzco
How many sapa incas were there
12
Most famous Incan ruler
Pachacutec
Incan ruler that expanded the kingdom the most
Tupac
Incan ruler when the Spanish arrived
Huayna capac
What is the cause of death for huayna
Small pox
How many sons did huayna have
2
Since huayna knows he will die, what does he do with the kingdom
Splits it into two and gives half to each of his sons
What do the sons do after huayna dies
Fight for control of the whole kingdom
Who comes to conquer the incas right after their civil war
The Spanish
Years that pachacuec lived
1438-1471
Who did pachacutec conquer
Chancas
What did pachacutec start building during his rule
Machu Pichu
What language does pachacutec make the official language
Quechua
What temple does pachacutec build
The coricancha
What fortress does pachacutec build
Sacsayhuaman
Who were mitimaes
people who were conquered by the incas and placed in pro incan cities to become pro Incan
Who were the mita
Men chosen at random to work for the government for periods of time
What happened to the families of men chosen for the mita
They were supported by the government
Incan road system was called what
Capac ñan
What where the Incan messengers called
Chasquis
Who was the most important Incan God, and what was he God of
Inti
God of the sun
What was inti raymi
Sun god festival
When is inti raymi done
Solstice
Main temple to the incas
Coricancha
Who was the coricancha dedicated to
Inti
What was the coricancha stones dismantled to do
Dismantled to build a Spanish church
What does Sacsayhuaman overlook
Cuzco
Where wa the inti raymi festival held
Sacsayhuaman
Mother culture of the Andes
Chavin
Who were “the olmecs” of the Andean region
The Chavin people
What did the tello obelisk resemble
A gator
Where is it thought that the Chavin people may have originated in and why
The Amazon because the tello obelisk resembled a gator, but there were no gators In the Chavin area
What were the use of conchs for the Chavin people
Play as horns for Ceremonies
How did the paracas people bury the dead
Position the corpses on fetal positions, put them in a basket, and cover them with burlap
How was northern Moche
More militaristic
How was southern Moche
More spiritual and artistic
Main God of the Moche
Ai Apaec
Who were the other people buried with the lord of sipan
People sacrificed to be with him in the after life. Wife was next to him.
What were the bricks marked with holes and patterns
Were made like that to identify which designer made a certain brick in case it was defective they knew who to blame
Who were the evolutions of the paracas
The nazca people
Capital of nazca
Cahuachi
What was charqui made of
Llama
How many stones made up the sun door
It was one giant stone
Most important town for the huari
Pachacamac
Theory of walls in chan chan
May have had gold panels on the outer walls
What is a curaca
A regional chieftain
How many Curacas were there and what did this mean
- The land was divided into 5 kingdoms
Who does pachacutec defeat
Chancas
What language does pachacutec make the official language
Quechua
Sacred valley of the inca
Colca valley
How did Incan buildings survive earthquakes while Spanish buildings crumbled
Incan buildings were made of stone that were cut so exact that there would be no space at all between the stones.
What were the walls of the coricancha covered in, and what happened to these coverings
Gold
The Spanish took the gold panels
Part above machu Pichu
Huayna Pichu
Who rediscovered machu Pichu
Hiram Bingham
Who helped Hiram discover machu Pichu
A little Incan boy
What does machu Pichu mean
Old mountain
What was the intihuatana
A famous sun dial. Served as a calendar that told the month where the sun struck the stone with light
Intipunku
The sun gate
What were aryballos
Greek style jugs that the Inca made
Instrument of stone to count
Yupana
