Ancyclostoma duodenale ( Intestinal hookworm ) Flashcards
A disease caused by ancylostoma duodenale
Ancyclostomiasis
Ancylostoma is also called
Old world hookworm
It was discovered by an Italian Physicist, ____ in 1938 when he was doing an autopsy of a woman
Angelo Dubini
Where does an A. duodenale lives?
Small intestine
Hookworm disease is characterized by a ___ and ___
severe anemia and gastrointestinal problems
The body of ancyclostoma is covered with a thick ___ with syncytial epidermis
cuticle
They are called hook worms due to their ___ end bend slightly
anterior
Infective larva of A. duodenale
Filariform larva
Non-infectious larva of A. duodenale
Rhabditiform larva
Stages of development of A. duodenale in humans
- The human excrete the egg through feces
- Rhabditiform larva hatches
- Filariform larva
- Filariform larva penetrates the skin
The adult hookworm reside in the small intestine of human beings particularly in the ___.
jejunum
They anchor on the ___ by their anterior ends
wall of the small intestine
Common opening of digestive and reproductive systems in the posterior end
cloaca
Factors that affects the distribution of of hookworm
- geographical features
- lack of sanitation
- unawareness
A. duodenale is largely distributed in the ___ and ____ regions of the world
tropical and sub-tropical
What are the geographical features considered that affect the distribution of hookworms
- soil textures
- Soil moisture
- Precipitation
Farmers use human feces as a fertilizer is an example of what factor
Unawareness
Effects caused by Larvae
- ground itch
- creeping eruptions
- lesion in the lungs
- Creeping eruptions
Effects caused by adult
- lesions
- severe anemia
- ulcer
It happen when the A. duodenale penetrate the skin
Ground itch
Factors that causes anemia
- sucking of blood by hookworms for their nutrition
- loss of blood. from the sites of attachment causing chronic haemorrhages
It is where a person develop a taste towards earth, mud, lines
Geophagy
Effects of loss of blood and severe anemia:
- Epigastric tenderness and duodenal ulcers
- abnormal appetite
- Geophagy
- Hyperacidity
- constipatio6. puffy face
- Protuberant abdomen and dry lusterless hair
Mode of transmission
- walking bare-footed on soil contaminated with feces
- drinking water contaminated with soil containing filariform larvae
- handling of feces-spiled clothing’s left damp for 4 to 5 days
- soft hands and palms in gardeners and miners
Site of entry:
- Delicate thin skin between the toes
- inner side of the soles
- Dorsum of the feet
Diagnosis of Ancylostomiasis:
- microscopic examination
- Study of duodenal contents
- Clinical diagnosis
What are the different clinical diagnosis:
- Extremely high level of eosinophilia
- Severe anemia
- Occult blood and charcot-leyden crystals in the stool
Treatment for hook worm infection
- mebendazole
- Pyrantel pamoate
- Bephenium hydroxyl naphthoate
Other drugs prescribed in treating Ancylostomiasis?
- Thiabendazole
- Tetramisole
- Albendazole
- Benzimidazoles
Preventive measures:
- personal protection
- Prevention of soil contamination by adequate sewage disposal
- Disinfection of feves
- Treatment of infected individuals
Migration of larva?
enter through skin, then to the lungs, then to the pharynx then to the small intestine
Pathogenic stage of A. duodenale
Filariform and Adult Ancylostoma
Diagnostic stage
ova and adults
Site of localisation
Small intestine
Pathogenesis
- skin lesions
- dermatitis
- creeping eruption
- anemia
- eosinophilia
