Ancient Rome Flashcards
Italy is found on a landform surrounded by three sides of water which is called what?
The Italian peninsula
What river is Rome located on?
The tiber river
What seas are in the Italian peninsula and how many miles long is it
1: Tyrrhenian Sea
2: Adriatic Sea
3: Ionian Sea
And 750 miles long
What is down the east side of the peninsula?
The ape nine mountains(Alps)
What are three important plains Area that make farming possible?
1) Latium(where Rome is located)
2) po River valley
3) campania
*italy will become trading center because of what?
Because of its central location in the Mediterranean Sea
Who were the latins for the early inhabitants?
They were the earliest group of farmers and herders who lived along the palatine hills and spoke Latin
Who were the Etruscans for the early inhabitants?
They moved to the Italian peninsula around 800 BC. They introduced the toga, gladiator fighting, and organized the military
Greeks moved on to the peninsula introducing what?
The alphabet, literature, the grape cultivation, and architectural styles
In 753-509 the roman republic will be under control by who?
An Etruscan monarchy
The Romans will overthrow the monarchy and will create a what?
A republic
What Is a republic?
A form of government in which citizens elect officials
Officials of the republic met at where?
Roman Forum
What was an imperium
It was made up of 2 consuls and carries put the roman law
What was a senate?
Passes laws, made treaties, appointed other officials
What was a assembly of centuries
Controlled military matters
What was a council of tribunes?
Represented the individual tribune(states) needs.
Who were the praetors?
Judges
What were the three virtues supposed to live by
Duty, courage, and discipline
What were the twelve tables?
It was the Code of laws in which the Romans lived by and were found in stone in the roman forum.
This body of law was practical and easy to enforce.
What were the two classes of citizens ?
The patricians and plebeians
Who were the patricians?
Wealthy landowners who controlled most of th government positions
Who were the plebeians?
Crafts people, merchants, farmers, and Small landowners.
Why was the republic successful?
It had a strong discipline army and were diplomatic when taking over new territories
What did the law of nations adopt?
You are innocent until proven guilty,
Right to a defense before a judge
And the decision should be bases on evidence.
What was romes army like?
It was a defensive army, highly organized, and retreating was not an option.
Romes army was made up of foot soldiers called what?
Infantry
What were infantry organized into?
The phalanx-8,000
Legions-3,600
Maniples-60-120
Who was in the army?
Citizens. (Militia)
What was the importance about the Punic wars?
It extended romes land and Rome became the leading power of the Western Mediterrean Sea
Why did the Punic war start?
Because the Romans and Carthaginians were fighting over Sicily and Corsica
What happened in the first Punic war?
The roman navy defeats Carthage and gains the island of Sicily & Corsica
What happens in the second Punic war?
Carthage seeks revenge by sending Hannibal to conquer the I.P
Rome was defeated but not destroyed(battle of cannage)
Rome the attacks Carthages home(battle of Zuma)
What happens in the third Punic war?
Romes General SCIPO Sacles Carthage and Carthaginians are sold into slavery
After the conquest of Gaul, what broke out?
A civil was broken out.
Why was the first triumvirate established?
It was established between giving power of Rome to Crassus, Pompey, Julius Caesar
_______will be killed and the senate will then make _____sole ruler which will make Caesar mad and will eventually lead him to order the assassination of _____
1: Crassus
2: Pompey
3: Pompey
In 47bc, Caesar will proclaim himself as what?
He will also become the sole absolute ruler of Rome
A dictator
Who United to defend Caesars death?
Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus
Octavian and Antony will do what to the roman territories
He will divide them into east and west
Cleopatra and Antony wanted what?
Sole control of Rome and will wage war against Octavian
In 31bc, Octavian will defeat Antony at the battle of actium and will proclaim himself as what ? What will be later be known as?
He will proclaim himself as emperor of Rome. And he will be known as August Caesar.
Cleopatra will do what to herself after hearing after Antony’s death?
She will kill herself.
Under Augustus, Rome will see peace within its border. What will happen during that time?
The Pax Roman will happen. And it was 100 years
Without fighting.
What was Romans architecture style influence by?
By the daily life
Most people lived in what? And what did they not have in there?
They lived in insulates. And they did not have kitchens.
Some patricians had a special room called what
A vomitorum
What was the average marring age for boys and girls?
Girls:12 boys: 14
Slavery was very common. Who was the most famous slave?
Spartus.
What was a aqueduct?
It was a pipe system that brought fresh water into the cities
The roman forum is where who worked?
The government
What is the vernacular?
The everyday language
What were the Romance language?
Italian, Spanish, and French
Their religion were like who?
The Greeks
What was their favorite pastimes?
Gladiator fighting, horse racing, and theater
How much could the colosseum seat?
50,00
How tall was it?
15 stories high
What wS the colosseum also used for?
It could also be flooded for mock sea battles
The opening celebration for the colosseum
Lasted how many days?
100 days
The biggest event was put on by who in 107 ad? How many animals and gladiators were killed?
It was put on by Emperor Trajan. It killed 10,00 animals and thousands of gladiators.
The modern day stadiums were bases in its construction
Most gladiators were what?
They were prisoners of war or criminals
What did thumbs up mean?
It was a good fight and they would let the winner live.
Where were the gladiators imprisoned?
They were Imprisoned in the floor of the colosseum
What were the 3 types of gladiators?
The Thracian, Samnites, and retiarius.
Circus Maximus = what?
The hippodrome
For chariot racing, how many teams competed and how many spectators were there?
4 teams competing and 250,000 spectators
