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Ancient Rome Flashcards

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0
Q

What two geographical characteristics made it the ideal location of the city?

A

Fertile soil and the Tiber river

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1
Q

How many hills surround the city of Rome?

A

Seven

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2
Q

The 7 hills of Rome made the land ___?

A

Easy to defend

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3
Q

Rome’s location on the Italian peninsula also gave in control of ___?

A

The Mediterranean Sea

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4
Q

What time did The first settlers establish Rome

A

900BC

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5
Q

When did the Etruscans ruled Rome

A

600BC

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6
Q

When did the roman people take back power from the Etruscans?

A

509BC

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7
Q

What ideas did the Romans borrow from the Etruscans?

A

Greek alphabet
Roman gods
The toga

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8
Q

The basic outline of the republic

A

Citizens have the right to vote for leaders.

The leaders rule in the name of the people.

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9
Q

Who held most of the power in the republic?

A

Senate

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10
Q

Patricians

A

Upperclassmen who advised the two consuls who led the senate

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11
Q

The two consuls and their system

A

They led the senate. The consuls must be unanimous for government action to take place, this gave them the power to veto or forbid an action

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12
Q

Plebeians

A

Ordinary citizens who could not hold power.

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13
Q

Plebeians and patricians

A

Plebeians wanted the right to be respected and treated fairly. Did not trust the actions of the senate.

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14
Q

The creation of the 12 tables

A

The patricians gave the plebeians a code of laws called the 12 tables because the plebeians refused to fight in the army.

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15
Q

12 tables

A

Applied equally to all citizens. Never truly made the plebeians equal.

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16
Q

Even though it ruled a large area by 128 BC the Roman Republic was __?

A

In trouble

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17
Q

Over the course of the next __ years Rome fell into a __?

A

75, civil War

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18
Q

And just as Rome is about to fall apart

__ rose to power

A

Julius Caesar

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19
Q

After gaining the trust of his troops in

__ Cesar seized power in __.

A

Gaul, 48 BC

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20
Q

Some characteristics of Julius Caesar were?

A

He was eager and smart leader

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21
Q

Julius Caesar became the only __.

A

Consul

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22
Q

Why did the senate murder Julius Caesar?

A

They saw him as a king

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23
Q

When was Julius Caesar murdered by the Senate?

A

March 15, 44 BC

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24
Q

Who was Julius Caesar’s son?

A

Octavian a.k.a. Agustus Caesar

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25
Q

When did Octavian follow Julius as leader?

A

After 13 years of Civil War

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26
Q

After Caesar’s death Augustus’ and Rome’s control had spread well beyond __?

A

The Italian borders from Britain to Mesopotamia

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27
Q

Augustus showed __ for the Senate.

A

Great respect

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28
Q

Augustus wanted to share __ with the senate and often __.

A

Power, pondered restoring the republic

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29
Q

Why did the Senate give Augustus all the power he wanted?

A

Because of Rome’s peace and prosperity

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30
Q

Why did Rome have provinces?

A

Used to govern the vast empire

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31
Q

Each province had a __ supported by an __.

A

Government, army

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32
Q

Who covered daily affairs?

A

Local rulers

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33
Q

Most people still had __.

A

Religious freedom

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34
Q

Three reasons why Rome preferred the peace.

A

Raw materials, taxes, markets for Roman finished goods

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35
Q

What did most conquered people adopt?

A

Latin

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36
Q

Prior to the age of good emperors their were two __?

A

Terrible emperors

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37
Q

Caligula

A

He proclaimed himself a God, appointed his favorite hoarse consul, Thought to be insane

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38
Q

Nero

A

Murdered his half-brother, mother and wife. Said to have burnt down half of room and blamed it on the christians. Also thought to be insane.

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39
Q

When did the era of five good emperors start?

A

AD 96

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40
Q

Only the last of the 5 good emperors had a __.

A

Son

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41
Q

Each of the other good emperors adopted __.

A

The best young man he could find to be the next Emperor

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42
Q

Who was considered the greatest out of the five good emperors?

A

Hadrian

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43
Q

Hadrian built a good __ with laws protecting __.

A

Government, women children and slaves

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44
Q

Hadrian issued a code of laws so that __. He also reorganize the army so__.

A

Laws were uniform throughout the empire, soldiers defended their home provinces

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45
Q

Hadrian spoke__. Marcus Aurelius wrote philosophy in __.

A

Greek

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46
Q

What did Romans study of the Greek?

A

Art literature, architecture, mathematics, science, and ideas about government

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47
Q

The difference between the Greeks and Romans reason to learn.

A

The Greeks sought knowledge to understand the truths of the world to reason. The Roman sought to use the same truths to build things to expand their empire.

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48
Q

Romans studied __.

A

The Etruscans and the Greeks

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49
Q

What were the keys to Roman architecture?

A

Arches and concrete

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50
Q

What is the greatest example of Roman architecture?

A

The colosseum

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51
Q

What is another great architectural achievement the Romans accomplished?

A

Roman roads

“all roads lead to Rome”

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52
Q

Over __ Miles of roads.

A

50,000

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53
Q

Aqueducts

A

Carried water over long distance, allowed for drinking water and sanitary conditions

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54
Q

Roman society consisted of __.

A

Few rich people, many poor people and slaves

55
Q

Most Romans were not on the poor but also __.

A

Jobless

56
Q

Wealthy had __. They were known for their__.

A

Elegant city homes and country villas. Known for their gluttony- overindulgence/ consumption

57
Q

Poor depended on __ to survive, usually handed out by the __ to prevent __.

A

Wheat, emperors, riots

58
Q

__ were also held to prevent riots.

A

Circuses

59
Q

Where did the poor live?

A

In tall, rundown apartment

60
Q

Despite the circuses most romans did have __.

A

Strong values and a strong sense of family

61
Q

Roman law gave absolute power to __.

A

The father

62
Q

Women had varying levels of __ based upon their __.

A

Independence, wealth

63
Q

Roman circuses

A

Violent, spectacular shows. Held in the colosseum or in other arenas also called circuses

64
Q

The circuses were highlighted by __.

A

The gladiators

65
Q

Most gladiators were__.

A

Slaves captured in battle

66
Q

What was very common in the Roman empire

A

Slavery

67
Q

Most slaves were well __ and had no __.

A

Cared for, rights

68
Q

House hold slaves were the most __. They helped with __.

A

Fortunate, daily life and even helped raise children

69
Q

Gladiators or farm slaves often lived __ lives

A

Short, brutal

70
Q

The Romans were __ of other religions as long as the people showed loyalty to __.

A

Tolerant, the Roman gods and emperor

71
Q

In __ the Romans conquered __.

A

63 BC, Judea

72
Q

Judea

A

The homeland of the Jews

73
Q

The Jews resented __ and the Romans responded with __.

A

Foreign rule, harsh punishments

74
Q

Jewish people awaited their __ to save them from the oppressive __.

A

Messiah, Romans

75
Q

Rome was under whose rule when Jesus was born?

A

Herod

76
Q

The story of Jesus’s life is written in the __ of the __.

A

New Testament, Christian Bible

77
Q

After Jesus’s death what did his disciples do?

A

Told stories about his life and teachings

78
Q

The Gospels

A

Written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. they are the written stories of his life.

79
Q

What did Jesus preach?

A

Jesus preached that there was only one true God, a loving, and forgiving God

80
Q

What did Jesus also state?

A

He stated that he was the son of God.

81
Q

Fearing possible__ the __ condemned him to __from which he __.

A

Revolt, Romans, death, rose and told his disciples to spread his teachings

82
Q

Greek for messiah

A

Christos

83
Q

Jesus received the name __ and his followers were called __.

A

Christ, Christians

84
Q

Paul

A

He was a devout disciple that continue to spread Christianity throughout the Roman empire

85
Q

Paul wrote __ or epistles, to cities throughout the __.

A

Letters, Mediterranean region

86
Q

The significance of Paul’s letters

A

The letters helped organize Christianity

87
Q

This __ religion called Christianity, soon alarmed the __.

A

Fast growing, Roman government

88
Q

How did many Roman officials start to view the Christians?

A

As enemies

89
Q

Who began an official campaign against the christians?

A

Nero

90
Q

When was much of Rome burnt down?

A

64 AD

91
Q

Who did Nero blame for the fire?

A

The Christians

92
Q

He watched with __ as the Christians were put __.

A

Pleasure, to death

93
Q

The Romans tormented the Christians for another __.

A

250 years

94
Q

During the time of tormenting the Christians the empire was in __ and the Romans were looking for __.

A

Decline, scapegoat

95
Q

Not even the Emperor __ could stop the growth of __.

A

Diocletian, Christianity

96
Q

What did the emperor Diocletian do to stop Christianity from growing?

A

He outlawed Christian services. Imprisoned Christian priests. Put many Christians to death.

97
Q

How did the Emperor Diocletian plan to start Christianity backfire?

A

Many Romans admired the Christians and saw them as martyrs

98
Q

The fall of the Roman empire began when __ left his son,__ , as emperor.

A

Marcus Aurelius, Commodus

99
Q

When did Commodus assume power?

A

180 AD

100
Q

Commodus

A

He was a savage ruler, his rule was held together by bribes to the army.

101
Q

The four problems that led to Rome’s collapse.

A
  1. Weak, corrupt rollers
  2. A mercenary army
  3. The vast size of the Empire
  4. Serious economic problems
102
Q
  1. Weak, corrupt rulers

Most were __, not __.

A

Generals, politicians

103
Q
  1. Weak, corrupt rulers

Many stole __ from the __.

A

Money, treasury

104
Q
  1. Weak, corrupt rulers

Use the money for __ towards the __ and the __.

A

Bribes, Army, Senate

105
Q
  1. Weak, corrupt rulers

This lead to the fall of the __.

A

Economy and government

106
Q
  1. A mercenary army

By this time most soldiers were __.

A

Foreigners that were paid to fight

107
Q
  1. A mercenary army

Mercenaries

A

They fight for them money and money loan they do not support any causes.they will only fight for their best interests.

108
Q
  1. A mercenary army

There is no longer any __ to Rome.

A

Loyalty

109
Q
  1. The size of the empire

The empire had grown __ to be ruled from any __.

A

Too big, one place

110
Q
  1. The size of the empire

Because of the size there enemies on every border __.

A

Attacked

111
Q
  1. The size of the empire

Rome’s bordering enemies

A

Asia, Africa, northern Europe

112
Q
  1. Serious economic problems

The lack of __ led to a lack of __.

A

Conquests, new income

113
Q
  1. Serious economic problems

The lack of new income resulted in more__.

A

Taxes

114
Q
  1. Serious economic problems

Taxes were often spent on an __ that wouldn’t __.

A

Army, fight

115
Q
  1. Serious economic problems

Many people were suffering from severe __ throughout the empire.

A

Unemployment

116
Q
  1. Serious economic problems

Starvation was __.

A

Rampant

117
Q
  1. Serious economic problems

To pay for more __ the government produced more__.

A

Food, money

118
Q
  1. Serious economic problems

Producing more money lead to __ and soon after Roman money was __.

A

Inflation, worthless

119
Q

Diocletian attempts to stop decline

A

He enlarged the army, built new forts, improved tax collection

120
Q

What was the impact of the three things Diocletian did to stop the decline?

A

All of which brought in more money to pay the army

121
Q

What else did Diocletian do to stop the decline?

A

He split up the empire into two

122
Q

What was the impact of Diocletian’s action of splitting the empire

A

This made it easier to rule, he ruled over wealthy east while his co emperor ruled over the west

123
Q

How many years of fighting was there between the generals for the title of emperor after Diocletian and his coemperor retired

A

Seven years

124
Q

Who came out winner of the seven year war for the title of Emperor

A

Constantine

125
Q

Because of Constantine’s __ from God he proclaimed __

A

Revelation, freedom of worship for the entire empire

126
Q

Because of Constantine’s proclaim freedom what stopped

A

The persecution of the Christians

127
Q

When did the edict of Milan happen

A

313 AD

128
Q

What was the result of the edict of Milan?

A

Christianity became the official religion of the Roman empire

129
Q

Where did Constantine move the capital

A

Byzantium

130
Q

What did Constantine renamed Byzantium?

A

Constantinople

131
Q

What happened after Constantine’s death

A

Invaders, barbarians from the north, overwhelmed the empire

132
Q

These __ tribe captured and looted Rome in __.

A

Germanic, 410 and455 AD

133
Q

Who was the last Roman emperor

A

Romulus Augustus

134
Q

How old Romulus when he was dethroned

A

14

135
Q

When was Romulus dethroned

A

476 AD

136
Q

How much longer did the eastern empire survive with its capital at Constantine than the western empire

A

Another 1000 years as the Byzantine empire

Social Studies (4 decks)

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