Ancient philosophers Flashcards
Who was Socrates
teacher of plato
What happened to Socrates
?
he was killed for being an atheist in Greece as it was not accepted to be this at the time
What quotes did Socrates say?
what I do not know I do not think I know
the unexamined life is not worth living
Who was plato ?
he was a rationalist and believed we can only find truth in experience and what we have seen . knowledge is an opinion not truth
Who created the theory of the forms ?
plato
What was the theory of the forms ?
two separate places realm of forms and realm of appearances realm of appearances is a copy of realm of forms and our souls want to go to it
What did plato say to do with memory in the realm of forms ?
we remember glimpses and when we learn it is memories of the past so when an inventor invents something he isn’t creating something but remembering
What are the three different hierachrys in the realm?
top form of good - truth justice and beauty
sections of forms - tree chair cake
particulars - classroom chair oak tree red velvet cake
What is platos allegory of the cave?
there is a cave within it are three men all chained up facing the wall with the sun coming into the cave onto the backs of their heads .they stare at the shadows on the rock infant of them thinking this is real life (just a copy of the real life) . One of them breaks free and leaves. the cave when he leaves he is almost blinded by the sun as this is his first time seeing it , he didn’t understand all the shadows he was seeing wasn’t the real version so a man explains to him the shadows of the tree was just a copy of the tree he has seen now . When he goes back into the cave to tell the other men he can no longer see the shadows as well the men don’t believe him because they don’t want to believe him
What did Heraclitus say?
you cannot step into the same river twice
who did plato teach?
Aristotle
According to Aristotle , what are our two states ?
potentiality - possibility of doing something or becoming something
actuality - when the potential is achieved
What four things did Aristotle create to help us ?
four causes
What are the four causes ?
material cause - describes what something is made from eg cup is made from plastic
efficient - how something is made eg cup has a factory maker
formal cause - how we know what something is and what makes it different from something else eg a cup is round and has a hand holder
final cause - purpose of object eg cup to drink tea out of
Is airstotles argument good ?
yes - logical because everything is made from something
efficient explains change from potentiality to actuality
normal cause helps to tell us what it is
no- no material cause for beauty or truth
David Hume argues this is cause and effect
subjective ideas about why something is made eg table for dinner to table for work
