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History > Ancient Middle East > Flashcards

Ancient Middle East Flashcards

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0
Q

What was the result of a lack of barriers in the ancient Middle East?

A

Nomadic headers, invaders, and traders would often enter the crescent making it a central trade location

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1
Q

Fertile Crescent

A

A region of the Middle East named for its rich soul and wheat fields

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2
Q

What does Mesopotamia mean?

A

Between the rivers

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3
Q

What two rivers flowed through Mesopotamia

A

The Tigris and the Euphrates

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4
Q

What great invention may be attributed to the Sumerians

A

Spoked wheels and wheeled vehicles

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5
Q

Hierarchy

A

A system of ranking groups

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6
Q

What general form of religious worship did Sumerians practice

A

Polytheism

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7
Q

Define cuneiform

A

An ancient middle eastern system of writing that used waged shaped marks

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8
Q

Who is Sargon and what city did he rule

A

He is the first emperor and he ruled Akkad

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9
Q

Who is Hammurabi and what city did he rule

A

He was the king of Babylon

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10
Q

What is Hammurabi’s code

A

A published set of laws

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11
Q

How and where was Hammurabi’s code published

A

He had craftsmen carve the laws I to stone and placed it in a public place where everyone could see

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12
Q

How many laws did Hammurabi’s code contain

A

282 laws

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13
Q

Codify

A

To arrange and set down in writing

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14
Q

Civil law

A

Laws that deal with private rights and matters

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15
Q

What god did Hammurabi promote above the older Sumerian ones

A

Marduk, the patron god of Babylon

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16
Q

What advancement did the Hittites bring with then to Mesopotamia in 1400 bc

A

The knowledge of how to extract iron from ore

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17
Q

What reputation did the Assyrians earn over 500 years of expansion in Mesopotamia and beyond

A

They were among the most feared warriors in history

18
Q

What was the name of the main god of the Assyrians

A

Assur

19
Q

What empire rose up to crush the Assyrians after Assurbanipals death?

A

Babylon

20
Q

What “ancient wonder” of the world was built by Nebuchadnezzar and why did he build it

A

The hanging gardens and he built it to please his wife

21
Q

To whom did the city of Babylon fall in 539 bc

A

The Persian armies of Cyrus the great

22
Q

Describe the size of the Persian empire at its height

A

The arena between modern day Asia Minor and India

23
Q

What was the general policy of Persian kings toward conquered areas

A

They had a general policy of acceptance to those they conquered

24
Q

Who truly unified the Persian empire?

A

Emperor Darius I

25
Q

What kind of system did Darius I set up and what is it’s greater significance

A

He set up a bureaucracy which became a modem for later rulers

26
Q

Darius divided his empire into provinces each called ___________ and headed by a governor called a _______

A

Satrapy, satrap

27
Q

How were taxes raised in the empire and how did Darius kept satraps from becoming corrupt and disloyal

A

Each satrapy payed taxes based on its wealth. He has special officials check on the satraps to make sure they were loyal

28
Q

Who originally introduced coinage to the empire and where did these people live

A

The Lydia’s introduced it and they lived in Asia Minor

29
Q

Barter economy

A

The exchange of one set of goods for another

30
Q

Define money economy

A

Good and services are exchanged for a token of agreed value

31
Q

Who’s religious belief system helped unite the Persian empire?

A

Zoro-asters system

32
Q

What two powerful forces does Zoroastrianism claim are in constant battle

A

Ahura Mazda, ruler of the world and Ahriman, prince of lies and evil

33
Q

What is the responsibility of every individual in Zoroastrianism

A

To choose which side they support

34
Q

Who would win this final battle and what would be the end result for all people according to Zoroastrianism.

A

Ahura Mazda would win and all individuals would be judged for their actions.

35
Q

What two major modern world religions would be heavily influenced by the ideas brought forth by Zoroastrianism

A

Christianity and Islam

36
Q

What were the Phoenicians most famous for and where did they live

A

They were famous sailors and traders who lived in modern day Lebanon and Syria

37
Q

What two commercial activities wee the Phoenicians knows for

A

They were known for manufacturing and trade

38
Q

What two manufactured products did the Phoenicians make and sell throughout the Mediterranean Sea?

A

Glass and purple dye

39
Q

Define colony

A

A territory settled and ruled by people from another land

40
Q

Define alphabet

A

A writing system in which each symbol represents a sound

41
Q

What is the significance of the Phoenician alphabet to us today?

A

It became the Greek alphabet which , with slight modifications, is the alphabet we use today

42
Q

The Hittite empire was ended by what

A

The Hittite empire (civil war)

History (7 decks)

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