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Intro to ancient south asia > ancient indian history sources > Flashcards

ancient indian history sources Flashcards

1
Q

What are the literary sources

A

Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit and other literature and foreign accounts.

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2
Q

What are the archeological sources?

A

Epigraphic, numismatic and architectural remains and archeological explorations and excavations.

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3
Q

What is the study of development of scripts?

A

Palaeography

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4
Q

What is the study of inscriptions?

A

Epigraphy

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5
Q

What is the study of coins?

A

Numismatics

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6
Q

What is Archeology?

A

Study of monuments, material remains.

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7
Q

What types of literatures are considered as history in India?

A

The Puranic and Epic literature are considered as history by Indians, but it contains no definite dates for events and kingdoms.

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8
Q

Where was efforts of history writing shown?

A

The effort of history writing was shown by a large number of inscriptions, coins and local chronicles.

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9
Q

Where are the principles of history preserved?

A

The principles of history are preserved in the Puranas and Epics.

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10
Q

What do the Puranas and Epics narrate?

A

They narrate the genealogies of kings ad their achievements.

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11
Q

Were the Puranas and Epics arranged in chronological order?

A

No

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12
Q

What are the four Vedas?

A
  1. Rig Veda: Book of Mantras
  2. Sama Veda: Book of Chants
  3. Yajur Veda: Book of Rituals
  4. Atharvana Veda: Book of Spells/Composition of the hymns of the vedas
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13
Q

Did the Vedas give reliable information about the culture and civilization of the Vedic period?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Did the Vedas reveal the political history?

A

No

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15
Q

What are the Vedanganas?

A

The six Vedanganas are the important limbs of the Vedas.

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16
Q

Why did the Vedanganas evolve?

A

They were evolved for the proper understanding of the Vedas.

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17
Q

What are the six Vedanganas?

A
  1. Siksha: Phonetics (the study of how humans
    produce and perceive speech sounds, and
    how these sounds are combined to form
    words and sentences)
  2. Kalpa: Rituals
  3. Vyakaran: Grammar
  4. Niukta: Etymology (the study of the history
    of words, or a word’s origin)
  5. Chhanda: Metrics
  6. Jyotisha: Astronomy
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18
Q

What form have the Vedanganas been written in?

A

Precepts(a general rule intended to regulate behaviour or thought)(sutra) form

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19
Q

What is Precepts form? Where and who developed it?

A

Precepts form is a very precise and exact form of expression in prose, which was developed by the scholars of ancient India.

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20
Q

What is Ashtadhyayi(eight chapters)?

A

Ashtadhyayi, written by Panini, is a book on grammar that gives excellent information on the are of writing in surta(precepts).

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21
Q

What are the later Vedic texts?

A
  1. Brahmanas
  2. Aranyakas
  3. Upanishads
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22
Q

What do the Brahmanas describe?

A

Brahmanas give a description of the Vedic rituals.

23
Q

What do the Aranyakas and Upanishads preach?

A

Aranyakas and Upanishads give speeches on different spiritual and philosophical problems.

24
Q

What do the eighteen Puranas give?

A

The eighteen Puranas mainly give historical accounts.

25
Q

Which Epics are of great importance?

A
  1. Ramayana
  2. Mahabharatha
26
Q

What languages have the Buddhist and Jain texts been written in?

A

Pali and Prakrit language.

27
Q

Which language was Prakrit language a form of?

A

Sanskrit Language

28
Q

Which form of the Prakrit language was used in Magadha?

A

Pali Language

29
Q

Which language were most of the early Buddhist texts written in?

A

Pali language

30
Q

How did Pali language reach Sri Lanka?

A

Pali language reached Sri Lanka through some of the Buddhist monks for whom it was a living language.

31
Q

What language had the Ashokan edicts been written in?

A

Pali language

32
Q

What were Mahavira and Buddha considered as?

A

Historical personalities(equivalent to God)

33
Q

What religious ideologies did Mahavira and Buddha create?

A

Jain and Buddhist religious ideologies respectively.

34
Q

What are the Jataka stories?

A

Buddhist books

35
Q

Why are the Jataka stories given some historical importance?

A

Because they are related with the previous births of the Buddha.

36
Q

How is are the historic information mentiond in Jaina literature relavent?

A

Helped in reconstructing the history of different regions of India.

37
Q

What were the Dharmasutras and the Smritis?

A

They were the rules and regualtions for the general public and the rulers.

38
Q

What can the Dharmasutras and the Smritis be equated to?

A

they can be equated with the constitution and the law books of the modern concept of polity(a form or process of civil government or constitution) and society. e.g. Manusmriti

39
Q

When were the Dharmashastras compiled?

A

between 600-200 B.C

40
Q

What is Arthashastra?

A

A book on statecraft written by Kautilya(Chanakkya) during the Maury period.

41
Q

How is Arthashastra divided?

A

The book is divided into fifteen parts, dealing with different subject matters related to polity(a form or process of civil government or constitution), economy and society

42
Q

When was the final version of the Arthashastra written?

A

4th century B.C

43
Q

Who wrote Mudrarakshasha?

A

Visakha Datta between 6-8th Century AD

44
Q

What does the Mudrarakshasha describe?

A

It describes the society and culture of that period.

45
Q

Who wrote Malavikagnimitram?

A

Kalidasa in 5th century AD

46
Q

What information does Malavikagnimitram give?

A

Gives information about the Pusyamitra Sunga dynasty

47
Q

What is Harshacharitra?

A

Harshacharitra, written by Banabhatta, throws light on many historical facts about which we couldn’t have known otherwise.

48
Q

What did Magasthenes write?

A

Indica: valuable information on administration and socio-economic of Mauryan India

49
Q

What did Ptolemy write?

A

Geographical treaties in India in 2nd Century A.D

50
Q

WHat did Fa-Hien write?

A

Records of Buddhist countries, records of the Gupta Empire in 5th Century A.D

51
Q

What is the “Periplus of the Erythrean Sea”(written by anonymous)?

A

Records of personal voyage of Indian coasts in 80 A.D

52
Q

What did Hiuen Tsang write?

A

Buddhist records of Western World, describes social economic and religious conditions of India on 5th and 7th Century A.D.

53
Q

What did I-tsing write?

A

A record of Buddhist religion as practised in India and Malay Archipelago(an extensive group of islands), studies the Gupta period under Sri Gupta in the 7th Century.

Intro to ancient south asia (6 decks)

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