Ancient History Exam Unit 3

Question 1

Where did the Asiatics (Hyksos) moved to and after how many years?

Answer 1

45 years
Memphis

Question 2

Name 4 Quotes For The Initial Hyksos Invasion and Where It Was Quoted From

Answer 2

“two hundred and forty thousand armed men”
“easily siezed without striking a blow”
“burned our cities ruthelessly”
“treated our natives with cruel hostility”
Manetho, Quoted form Josephus 14:75-79

Question 3

The Funerary Stele Of Hauremkhauef Stated What And Why?

Answer 3

“To Fetch Horus…With His Mother Isis”
To provide justification to the strike against the Hyksos

Question 4

What did Excavations led by Austrian archaeologist Manfred Bietak detail?

Answer 4

evidence of trade and political influence such art from Minoan Crete in a palace. They have also unearthed Syrian-style houses, tombs, pottery, weapons and art

Question 5

Why Did Seqenenre Tao II have to make a choice?

Answer 5

Kill sacred animal of hippopotamus, 800km away or defy Memphis King Apophis
‘Let there be a withdrawal from the canal of hippopotami which lies to the east of the city” - Papyrus Sallier 1

Question 6

What Evidence Was There That Tao Chose To Fight

Answer 6

Discovery by Gaten Maspero, “foul, oily smell”, found gaping 31mm front temporal wound, 63 mm long horizontal cut, broken nose, inscription on Dier El Ballas fort

Question 7

What Did the Stele Of Khamose State?

Answer 7

“Here I sit before an Asiatic and a Nubian”

Question 8

What Did Khamos Intercept?

Answer 8

Letter from Apophis to prince of Kush “Attacking my own soil, although I had not assailed him”

Question 9

What was Ian Shaws Summary of Khamose campain?

Answer 9

1.Moved north, sending ahead medjay scouts
2. Raids Nefrusi, taking weapons, food, equiptment, recruits
3. Continued North, intercepted message, sent soldiers to cut communications
4.Reaches Avaris, creates blockade
5. Return With Booty

Question 10

During Khamose guerilla warfare, who acted as regent and for how long?

Answer 10

Tetisheri and Ahhotep, for 10 Years

Question 11

What territory did Ahmose’ campaign gain?

Answer 11

Defeated King of Kush for the second cataract of Nile, drove Hyksos up past south Syria-Palestine

Question 12

What Sources are THere for Ahmose campaign?

Answer 12

“480,000 men”, “gave up the siege in despair” - Manetho
Fragments Ahmose wearing both crowns from Cenotaph
Horse Skeletons

Question 13

What titles indicated Tetisheri’s origin?

Answer 13

“Great King’s Wife” and “King’s Mother” present, however “King’s Sister” and “King’s Daughter” not.

Question 14

How do we know Ahmose loved Tetisheri?

Answer 14

Built a memorial pyramid for her, “because he so greatly loved her, beyond everything. Never did former kings do something similar for their mothers”

Question 15

What suggests Ahhotep held control of land in the expulsion of the Hyksos?

Answer 15

title ‘mistress of the land’ shows she held control of thebes

Question 16

What does the Karnak stele of Ahmose State About Ahhotep?

Answer 16

“who unites Egypt… She has pacified Upper Egypt,”

Question 17

What Items indicated Ahhotep was a loved military leader?

Answer 17

The Golden Flies of Valour
Ceremonial Axe and Dagger belonging to Ahmose, inscribed with a representation of the king as a griffin, symbolising the war god Montu.

Question 18

What was important about Ahmose-Nefertari?

Answer 18

She was the first queen to hold the title ‘God’s Wife of Amun
first to hold the position of Second Priest of Amun

Question 19

How did Egypt view its control over Syria-Palestine

Answer 19

As a “sphere of influence”

Question 20

How did Egypt often refer to foreingers

Answer 20

“miserable asiatics”, “the vile kush”

Question 21

Characteristics of a Warrior Pharaoh

Answer 21

attacking in chariot
leading and return soldiers to victory
khapresh
offers booty to Amun

Question 22

What did Wilson claim

Answer 22

“under shock of empire…old sanctions of life could no longer hold society”

Question 23

What did Ahmose, Son of Ebana claim about Ahmose influence

Answer 23

“conquered Southeners and Northeners”

Question 24

What did A1 do ?

Answer 24

Repairing Nubian fortresses constructed in MK
replaced commandment of Buhen with Viceroy of Nubia
^”extending borders of Egypt”

Question 25

What did T1 do?

Answer 25

Went further north or south then any other
Crossed Euphrates river, battled with Mittani

Question 26

What Ahmose, Son of Ebana quotes are there for T1?

Answer 26

“his majesty made a great slaughter among them”, “brought ends of earth into his domain”

Question 27

What did T2 do?

Answer 27

die

Question 28

How was Hatshepsut made ruler?

Answer 28

T3 was a toddler, H ruled as regent
Between year 2-7, H named herself co-rules, becoming King and ruling along T3 for 21 years.

Question 29

Describe the Punt expidition

Answer 29

"”mouth to mouth by hearsay of ancestors”
“Punt should be searched out”
“gave praise to the lord of the gods”
recieved tribute of exotic animals, ivory and gold

Question 30

What was the significance of Punt?

Answer 30

Religion- Amun “set all of the lands beneath her sandals”
Military- showed Egyptian strength, wealth & power
Economic- Gained new goods

Question 31

What year did the Battle of Megiddo take place and why

Answer 31

23rd year of T3 reign
Prince of Khadesh united Syria-Palestine against Egypt, chose Megiddo to stand
“gathered to himself, the princes of all countries subject to Egypt”

Question 32

What road did T3 take in the battle of Megiddo and why?

Answer 32

Aruna road
“the enemies… think I’m afraid of them”

Question 33

How did the Aruna Road battle go down? (chariots, time, princes, cities)

Answer 33

T3 lead army North to outflank enemy, “ abandoning their horses and chariots. The fear of his majesty entered thier hearts”
924 chariots left behind
“nearly seven months”,
“330 princes, each the head of their own army”
“Capture of Megiddo is the capture of 1000 cities”

Question 34

What did A2 do?

Answer 34

Signed treaty between Egypt and Mitanni

Question 35

What did T4 do?

Answer 35

renewed fathers alliance via marrying the daughter of the king
started 65 years of peace

Question 36

What did A3 do?

Answer 36

Suggested military activity with Nubia
kept peace for 38 years
Friendly relations with North

Question 37

Functional/Economical Impacts Of A4

Answer 37

Close Down Temple Of Karnak - 2300 sqkm, mining, real estate, farming, agriculture
Horemheb’s EOR - “ Egpytians freed from the opressions among them”
Tut RS - “the king who spend his life making images” -A4
“His majesty made monuments for the gods” - Tut
Art- Window Of Appearances, Triad

Question 38

Armana Letter quotes

Answer 38

“let him stand in the open sun himself” - Assyrian King
“he is determined to seize megiddo” - prince of megiddo”
“my lord doesnt have a single governor left” -

Question 39

A4 Changes to Art

Answer 39

Changed grid row from 18-20
Elongated Facial Features
Femenine Proportions - drooping belly, large thighs, breats and hips

Question 40

What did Horemheb’s Edict of Reform Include?

Answer 40

It records corruption among high officials, exploitation of the poor by tax collectors, soldiers robbing peasants

Question 41

What is the significance of the Opet Festival?

Answer 41

Rites conducted were believed to have renewed the sacred marriage of Amun and Mut. Rituals conducted also focused on the transformation of the king. It was also an occasion of great festivity for the ordinary people.

Question 42

What was the significance of the Beautiful Festival of the Valley?

Answer 42

Great significance to those who had family members buried west of Thebes. Lavish offerings were made to Amun during the festival, and gifts such as fine linen garments were given back to those who participated. In the evening the lit torches and honoured their ancestors while thanking Amun. The celebrations and activities continued for a whole night, the next morning Amun returned to Karnak.