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HI.207 > Ancient Greece > Flashcards

Ancient Greece Flashcards

1
Q

Schliemann

A

one of the fathers of Aegean Bronze Age archaeology

- excavated Hissarlik (Troy) and proved civilization existed in the Aegean much earlier than previously believed

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2
Q

Troy

A

Bronze Age Greek city-state

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3
Q

Arthur Evans

A

one of the fathers of Aegean Bronze Age archaeology

  • excavated the palace at Knossos (Palace of Minos)
  • dubbed the civilization Minoan
  • Linear A tablets
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4
Q

Linear A

A

Minoan, undeciphered, pictographic, syllabic script - NOT Greek

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5
Q

Linear B

A

early form of Greek - Mycenean syllabic/phonetic script

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6
Q

Knossos

A

archaeological site on Crete - home to the Palace of Minos

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7
Q

Mycenae

A

palace-citadel of the Myceneans

- site of shaft tombs and Tholos tombs excavated by Schliemann

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8
Q

Pylos

A

city-state in Greece (palace site)

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9
Q

Agamemnon

A

Mycenean king

  • played a role in the “Iliad”
  • tomb found in Mycenae palace
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10
Q

Tholos Tombs

A

ca. 1500 B.C.

unroofed passage cut horizontally into the hillside, leading to a doorway accessing a circular chamber with a domed roof

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11
Q

Megaron

A

narrow, three-room rectangular building

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12
Q

Dorians

A

Indo-European, Greek-speaking folk, possible explanation for the collapse of the Myceneans

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13
Q

Achilles

A

hero of the “Iliad”, Greece’s best soldier

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14
Q

Polis

A

Greek city-state

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15
Q

Acropolis

A

city-state usually on a mountain, center of a polis

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16
Q

Agora

A

public space

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17
Q

Metics

A

“resident aliens”
free persons originally of foreign origin
had legal/economic rights
no political rights or military obligation

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18
Q

Delphi

A

site of the oracle of Apollo

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19
Q

Laconia

A

Southeastern region of the Peloponnese peninsula - capital was Sparta

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20
Q

Perieoci

A

fellow Dorians who lived around the city of Sparta

  • no political rights in the Spartan government
  • local autonomy
  • obligated to serve in the Spartan army
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21
Q

Helots

A

agricultural serfs/slaves - owned by the Spartan state

22
Q

Ephors

A

5 chief executive and judicial magistrates
elected annually by the assembly (Apella)
most powerful political organ in the government

23
Q

Gerousia

A

Spartan council of elders
28 men 60+ in age (+2 kings)
elected for life by the assembly (Apella)
prepared business (e.g. legislation) for the assembly

24
Q

Messenia

A

city-state conquered by Sparta — all Messenians were converted into Helots

25
Q

Lycurgus

A

reformed Sparta according to the oracle of Apollo at Delphi

“Reforms of Lycurgus” turned Sparta into a military powerhouse

26
Q

Solon

A

Athenian statesman - reformed Athens via recognition of the need for economic diversity through trade and industry, established timocracy (4 citizen classes: aristocracy, commercial class, peasants, and thetes)

27
Q

Peisistratus

A

example of a “good tyrant” of Athens

introduced 1st Athenian coinage

28
Q

Cleisthenes

A

founder of Athenian democracy

29
Q

Ostracism

A

annual vote in the assembly — “winner” exiled for 10 years from Athens but suffered no other penalty…could return and reenter politics after 10 years

30
Q

Themistocles

A

Athenian politician and general, convinced Athens to build a strong naval force

31
Q

Salamis

A

Battle of Salamis - decisive victory for the Greeks (led by Themistocles) over the Persian Empire (led by Xerxes)

32
Q

Marathon

A

Battle of Marathon - Athenians vs. Persians (led by Darius) - Persians annihilated

33
Q

Thermopylae

A

Battle of Thermopylae - alliance of Greek city-states (including 300 Spartans) led by the Spartan Leonidas vs. the Persian Empire (led by Xerxes) - Persians won - “History” by Herodotus

34
Q

Delian League

A

an alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens to liberate eastern Greek city-states from Persian rule

35
Q

Cleruchs

A

Athenian military colonists serving as garrison forces - method of controlling key subjects

36
Q

Pericles

A

dominant political leader of the Delian League - promoted a large navy and massive public works (e.g. Parthenon)

37
Q

Alcibiades

A

Athenian statesman and general whose shifting of sides during the Peloponnesian War earned him a reputation for cunning and treachery

38
Q

Deceleia

A

Sparta-established permanent fort within Attica on a mountaintop - Athenians now confined to Long Walls year-round and more thorough destruction of Attica

39
Q

Long Walls

A

connected Athens to the sea even during times of siege
6 km in length
destroyed by the Spartans after Athens’ defeat in the Peloponnesian War

40
Q

Aigospotami

A

decisive battle of the Peloponnesian War — Athens’ last fleet destroyed in the Hellespont — Peloponnesians blockaded Athens and starved Athenians into surrender

41
Q

King’s Peace

A

Persians regained control of Ionian Greek cities

Sparta weakened but still the single most powerful polis

42
Q

Epaminondas

A

led Thebes in the Battle of Leuctra (w/ oblique phalanx, light infantry, and cavalry)

43
Q

Leuctra

A

Battle of Leuctra - first defeat of main Spartan field army in several centuries, won by Thebes under the command of Epaminondas (w/ oblique phalanx, light infantry, and cavalry)
Messenians were freed

44
Q

Philip II

A

Macedonian king and general

45
Q

Demosthenes

A

Athenian politician that warned the Greeks of the threat of Philip II’s conquest

46
Q

Chaeronea

A

Battle of Chaeronea - Macedonia crushed Athens and Thebes and began a long period of Macedonian domination of Greece

47
Q

Thales of Miletus

A

philosopher of the Ionian School

  • predicted total solar eclipse
  • water as primal element and was itself living and all else is derived from water
  • cosmology (Earth was a flat disc floating in a great bowl)
48
Q

Democritus

A

philosopher of the Ionian School

  • atomic theory
  • atheism
49
Q

Pythagoras

A

philosopher of the Ionian School

  • studied mathematics
  • believed numbers had magical qualities
  • transmigration of souls
50
Q

Gaugamela

A

Battle of Gaugamela - the final meeting between Alexander the Great and King Darius III of Persia
- after this victory, Alexander was, without question, the King of all Asia

51
Q

Alexandria

A

number of cities founded by Alexander the Great (Alexander III) — most famous in Egypt

52
Q

Aristotle

A
  • former student of Plato who founded a rival school (Lyceum) in Athens
  • believed knowledge was gained only through senses
  • stressed observation over contemplation
  • organized and classified many fields of knowledge

HI.207 (6 decks)

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