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Ancient Greece Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a peninsula?

A

Land with water around it on 3 sides

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2
Q

What are the landforms found in Greece?

A

Islands around it, it is a peninsula, mountains run through it

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3
Q

How did geography affect people in Greece?

A

Fertile land/ Mild climate made for easy farming, access to sea led to fishing and trade, mountains and islands made it hard to communicate/ travel

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4
Q

What did Arthur Evans find at Knossos?

A

The remains of a palace with rooms that were used as workshops and food storage

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5
Q

What do we know about the Minoans?

A

They traded pottery and stone cases for ivory and metals from Syria and Egypt, patrolled Mediterranean to protect trade routes from pirates

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6
Q

What are some of the possible causes that made the Minoans disappear?

A

An earthquake or they were invaded by the Mycenaeans

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7
Q

When and where did the Mycenaeans live?

A

Around 2000 B.C on the mainland of Greece

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8
Q

What do we know about Mycenaean culture?

A

Kings lived on palaces on top of a hill, it had a large stone wall protecting it, the palaces were centers of government. Nobles lived outside of walls on large farms with estates that slaves and other people lived on. They made clothes, jars, metal swords, and leather shields.

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9
Q

What happened to the Mycenaean civilization?

A

The kings fought and earthquakes destroyed palaces and the civilization grew weak

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10
Q

When were the Dark Ages?

A

1100 B.C to 750 B.C

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11
Q

What happened during the Dark Ages?

A

People left Greece and trade slowed, farmers made only food for their families and they became poor

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12
Q

How did the Dark Ages end?

A

People returned to Greece and small communities ruled by kings were formed, the trade increased and new ideas/skills were taught

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13
Q

How did the Greeks live?

A

They lived in small independent communities led by kings

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14
Q

What types of jobs did the Greeks do?

A

Farming, Shipbuilding, and Trading

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15
Q

How did Greek culture change over time?

A

As trade increased they adopted an alphabet to record it and bards started writing down stories

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16
Q

Why did the Greeks begin forming colonies?

A

Because in 700 B.C farmers could not grow enough food for the people

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17
Q

Where did the Greeks settle?

A

On the coast of the Mediterranean Sea including Sicily, France, Spain,North Africa, & Western Asia

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18
Q

Why did the Greeks mint coins?

A

To make trading easier

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19
Q

How did the colonies make Greece stronger?

A

Because they could all trade throughout each other

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20
Q

Describe a polis

A

A city-state and it was the basic political unit in Greece

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21
Q

What was the purpose of the acropolis?

A

It was a fort built in the middle of each city built for safety and had temples to worship gods

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22
Q

What was an agora?

A

It was an open area outside of the acropolis used as a marketplace and had political discussions

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23
Q

What rights and responsibilities did male citizens have?

A

Their rights were to vote, hold public office, defend themselves in court, and own property

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24
Q

What rights and responsibilities did women and children have?

A

NONE

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25
Q

What is a tyrant?

A

A ruler with total authority and is not bound by law

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26
Q

What is an oligarchy?

A

A small group of wealthy people who run the government

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27
Q

What is a democracy?

A

A government by the people, for the people

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28
Q

What is a helot?

A

Spartans enslaved people

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29
Q

What is an ephor?

A

Someone who enforces laws & and collected taxes

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30
Q

Nobles rule

A

As city-states grew wealthy, nobles seized power from the kings

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31
Q

Tyrants take power

A

Tyrants were fair and common people and hoplites supported them, they built temples, market places, fortresses

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32
Q

City-States choose government

A

People wanted a government where they had a say and by 336 B.C most city-states had an oligarchy or democracy

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33
Q

Where was Sparta located?

A

Peloponnesian peninsula in southern Greece

34
Q

Who were the Spartans ancestors?

A

The Dorians who had invaded during the Dark Ages

35
Q

What do we know about Sparta’s culture?

A

They were military oriented and stressed discipline with an economy based on farming, enslaved conquered people

36
Q

Explain Sparta’s government

A

They had an oligarchy with king that controlled soldiers and ephors

37
Q

Where was Athens located?

A

Northeast of Sparta

38
Q

Who were the Athenians ancestors?

A

The Mycenaeans

39
Q

What do we know about the Athenians culture?

A

Education was important but boys went to school and girls were educated at home

40
Q

Explain Athens government

A

Nobles ruled until farmers rebelled and fair-ruling tyrants took power but they later formed a democracy

41
Q

When did Solon rule?

A

594 B.C

42
Q

Who supported Solon?

A

The common people

43
Q

What changes did Solon make?

A

He freed enslaved farmers and cancelled their debts and allowed all male citizens to vote

44
Q

When did Peisistratus rule?

A

560 B.C

45
Q

Who supported Peisistratus?

A

Common people

46
Q

What changes did Peisistratus make?

A

Gave the poor estates and jobs and allowed people to become citizens even if they didn’t own land

47
Q

When did Cleisthenes rule?

A

508 B.C

48
Q

Who supported Cleisthenes?

A

Common people

49
Q

What changes did Cleisthenes make?

A

He made a law-making assembly and judges and people got jobs by drawing out of a hat

50
Q

How did the governments strictness hurt Sparta?

A

Government resisted change and discouraged studying, foreign visitors were not welcome and Spartans could only leave for military

51
Q

What policy hurt Sparta’s trade?

A

Used iron bars for money instead of minted coins

52
Q

What is a satrapy?

A

A province of the Persian empire

53
Q

What is a satrap?

A

Governor of a satrapy

54
Q

What is Zoroastrianism?

A

A monotheistic religion in Persia

55
Q

When and where was the Persian empire?

A

Started in modern day Iran and southwest Asia in the 500 B.C’s

56
Q

How did Cyrus the Great treat conquered people’s?

A

Let them keep culture

57
Q

How did Cyrus the Great expand Persia?

A

Conquering lands around him

58
Q

How large did the Persian empire become?

A

3,000 miles about the size of the USA

59
Q

Who was Zoroaster?

A

Lived in Persia in the 600’s B.C and began preaching there was one god

60
Q

What were the main beliefs of Zoroastrianism?

A

Ahura Mazda was god creator of all things & leader of good

61
Q

How did Zoroastrianism affect how the Persians viewed their kings?

A

People believed kings rules by the power of Ahura Mazda and kings were responsible to the male people

62
Q

How did the revolts in Anatolia cause a war?

A

Persians controlled the Greek city-states in Anatolia and when they rebelled Athens sent ships to support rebels

63
Q

What happened at Marathon?

A

Persians landed at Marathon 25 miles northeast of Athens and they waited for Athens to attack but they didn’t

64
Q

How did the Greeks defeat the Persians?

A

Persians decided to attack Athens by sea and once the Persians loaded boats, Athens attacked

65
Q

When did Darius I rule?

A

522 B.C to 486 B.C

66
Q

How did Darius make the empire more manageable?

A

He divided the empire into satrapies with a satrap collecting taxes as judging g legal cases

67
Q

What did Persian king Xerxes do in 480 B.C?

A

Invaded Greece with 200,000 troops and warships

68
Q

How did the Greek city-states work together against the Persians?

A

Sparta supplied most soldiers and Athens directed th he naval force

69
Q

What happened at Salamis?

A

Athens won by leading the Persians into the strait of Salamis

70
Q

What happened at Plataea?

A

Persia continued to attack and the Greeks united and defeated the Persians at Plataea in 479 B.C

71
Q

What challenges did Persia face after its defeat at Plataea?

A

Peaople started revolting and the Royals argued over who was in charge and couldn’t maintain the area

72
Q

What caused the fall of the Persian Empire?

A

They became weak and in the 300’s B.C Greece attacked Persia

73
Q

What are two differences between oligarchy and democracy?

A

1-the wealthy people who run it have a say; all people have a say
2-it doesn’t follow poor people’s interests; it benefits the people

74
Q

What are similarities between oligarchy and democracy?

A

1-A group of people governing, not one

2-Both are forms of government

75
Q

What did boys in Sparta do?

A

They left home at 7 to join the military

76
Q

What did boys in Athens do?

A

They studied subjects at school and finished at 18

77
Q

What did men in Sparta do?

A

At 20 they joined the army & lived in barracks and at 30 they could live at home but served until they were 60

78
Q

What did men in Athens do?

A

They were expected to be active in public affairs

79
Q

What did girls in Sparta do?

A

Trained in sports

80
Q

What did girls in Athens do?

A

Educated at home and did household chores

81
Q

What did women in Sparta do?

A

They could own property and travel

82
Q

What did women in Athens do?

A

Expected to marry and care for children, no business or government

History (4 decks)

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