Ancient Greece 2 Flashcards
What is a Direct Democracy?
All citizens meet to debate and vote on government matters
Who has/had Direct Democracy?
Athens
Why would a country select a Direct Democracy?
If it was small country with a small number of citizens
What is it a Representative Democracy?
Citizens elect a group of people to make laws and govern
Who had/has a Representative Democracy?
U.S
Why would a country select a Representative Democracy?
If they had a large population
What it a philosopher?
Someone who reflects or thinks about the meaning of life
Men-Upper Class
Socialized at dinners discussing politics and philosophy
Men-Lower Class
Farmers
Men-Other
Worked mornings and exercised at night and only citizens had political rights
Women-Upper Class
Spun, wove, dyed cloth and didn’t normally leave home
Women-Lower Class
Helped with farming or sold goods
Women-Other
Couldn’t go to school, educated weren’t treated equal, and were always under men
When was Greeces golden age?
461 B.C to 429 B.C
Who was Pericles?
The main leader and general of Athens during the Golden Age
How did Pericles change the government in Athens?
He let every citizen have a chance at a government position based on ability
What did he do to rebuild Athens?
Built temples,monuments, and statues, supported artists, writers, and teachers
When and who formed the Delian League?
478 B.C, the Greek city states and Sparta didn’t join
What was its purpose?
To defend its members against the Persians
How did the city states support the league?
Athens provided league with sailors and soldiers and other city states provided money
What caused the league to fail?
Athens was the strongest city state and began controlling the other members
What caused the Peloponnesian War to begin in 431 B.C?
Athens interfered with Sparta’s alliances and allies pressured Sparta to attack
What was Sparta’s strength?
Strong army in open battle
What was Athens’ strength?
Powerful navy since Sparta didn’t have one
Why did the Peloponnesian war last so long?
Sparta surrounded Athens but their navy provided supplies and for 25 years neither side could defeat each other
How did the Peloponnesian War end?
Sparta made a deal with the Persians to trade land in Anatolia in return for money for a navy
How did the Peloponnesian War affect Greek city states?
City states were weak and divided, people died, farms were destroyed, young Greeks left to join Persian army
How did the city states interact after the war?
Sparta ruled them all until they rebelled
How did the Greek empire lose its power?
Thebes took over then collapsed when Macedonia wanted to expand and took over
What is a myth?
A traditional story about gods and heroes that explains a cultures belief
What is a ritual?
Words or actions that are part of a religious ceremony
What is an oracle?
A priestess who speaks to the gods and answers questions about the future
What is a fable?
A short story with a moral that teaches a lesson
What is a drama?
A story told by people who act out events
What is a tragedy?
A drama with unhappy ending
What is a comedy?
A drama with a happy ending
What did the Greeks believe about their gods and goddesses?
Believed they made prophecies about the future, affected our everyday lives, had powers, and looked/acted human
How did the Greeks worship their gods and goddesses?
In a temple they performed rituals, festivals, and feasts, prayed and offered gifts, and believed the gods were pleased with skills in arts and athletics
What role did oracles play in the religion?
They told the people for advice on the future
Who was Aesop?
A storyteller who is credited for writing fables but historians don’t think he was real
Describe a specific fable
Tortoise and the Hare- Hate stops because he’s sure he’ll win, but Tortoise beats him
How were fables told?
Orally
What is an Epic?
A long poem about a hero
Who was Homer?
He wrote Epics in the 700’s namely the Iliad and the odyssey
Describe he classical style
It’s a style of Greek art and expressed ideals of reason and harmony
Art and sculpture
Painted wall paintings and on pottery with red and black paint and sculptures showed no flaws
Architecture
Built marble buildings with large columns
How were dramas told?
Men acted all parts during religious ceremonies
Aeschylus
1st writer of drama who wrote Oresteia a play about the Trojan war and evil acts causing more even acts
Sophocles
Wrote tragedies like Antigone about a character ordered to do something wrong
Euripides
Wrote tragedies on suffering caused by war
Aristophanes
Wrote comedies with jokes that poked fun at leaders
What is a Sophist?
A teacher in Ancient Greece
What is a rhetoric?
The art of public speaking and debate or formal argument
What is the Socratic Method?
Philosophical method of questioning to gain truth
Who were the Sophists?
Teachers who thought students should improve themselves
What did Sophists believe?
Gods were not in everyday life and there was not absolute right or wrong
Who was Socrates?
An artist in Athens who didn’t agree with Sophists
What did he believe?
He believed there was an absolute truth and anyone could learn anything
How did he die?
Sentenced to death, so he drank poison
Who was Plato?
Socrates student who wrote The Republic and started The Academy
What did he believe about women?
He believed they should be educated and do the same jobs as men
What did he believe about the government?
Didn’t believe everyone could make good decisions
Who was Aristotle?
Student of Plato who wrote 200 books on government, planets, and health
What did he teach at the Lyceum?
Golden Mean- the idea that people should live moderately
What did he believe about government?
Thought a mix of monarchy, oligarchy, democracy
Herodotus
Father of history- tried to sort fact from legend
Thucydides
Wrote The History of the Peloponnesian Wars didn’t believe the gods affected everyday life
Thales of Miletus
Famous scientist in 600 B.Cs that thought water was the basis of all matter
Pythagoras
Scientific studies who believed all relationships could be expressed in numbers
Hippocrates
Studied medicine and believed disease had natural causes
Where was Macedonia?
North of Greece
How did Philip make Macedonia powerful?
He took control of city states one by one by learning how to fight like them
How did Philip 2 conquer the Greek city states?
Defeated by battle, bribery and cavalry
Who was Alexander the Great?
Philip II son who took his vet at 20
What was the Hellenistic era?
Time period after death when Greek ideas were spread and used
What is cavalry?
Soldiers on horses
