anatomy101 Flashcards
synchondrosis
primary cartilage
btw metaphysis and epiphysis
symphisis
secondary cartilage
pubic symphisis
uniaxial joint
plane, pivot, hinge
biaxial
condyloid, saddle
multiaxial
ball & socket
splenius capitis
O: C7-T4
I: head
splenius cervicis
O: T3-T6
I: C1-C4
cartilage (3 types)
hyalinis
elastic
fibro-cartilage
fibrous joints
suture (skull)
syndesmoses (btw tibia and fibula)
gomphosis (tooth)
gomphosis
fibrous joint (tooth)
syndesmoses
fibrous joint (tibia/ fibula)
cartilagenous joints
primary (synchondrosis - metaphysis/epiphysis)
secondary (symphisis - pubic symphisis)
synovial joints
uniaxial (plane, pivot, hinge)
biaxial (condyloid, saddle))
multiaxial (ball and socket)
plane, pivot, hinge
uniaxial
condyloid, saddle
biaxial
ball and socket
multiaxial
functional joints
synarthrosis (0)
amphiarthrosis (0/1)
diarthrosis (1)
synarthrosis
0
amphiarthrosis
0/1
diarthrosis
1
3 structural joints
fibrous (almost no more in adults: suture, syndesmoses and gomphosis)
cartilagenous (primary/synchondrosis and secondary/symphisis)
synovial (most joints)
compact bone
lamellae
Volkmann’s canals
Haversian
spongy bone
trabeculae
endosteum
less blood supply, no nerve fiber
most superficial back muscle
spinotransverse
deepest back muscle
transversospinalis
N? rectus capitis posterior and obliquus
C1 nerve
N? sternocleidomastoid muscle
C11 (accessory)
How many C nerves
8
example flat bone?
bone of the skull, ribs, sternum
example of irregular bone?
vertebrae and some bones of the skull
classification of joints (functional)
synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis
classification of joints (structural)
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
primary cartilagenous joint
synchondrosis epiphyseal lines (btw meta and epiphysis)
secondary cartilagenous joint
symphisis
pubic symphisis
fibrous joints
suture - skull
syndesmoses - btw tibia and fibula
gomphosis - tooth and socket alveolar process
how many pairs of spinal nerves
31 pairs
how many of each spinal nerves
8C 12T 5L 5S 1Co
how many contact points C1 & C2
3 (2 facets + dens with anterior articular facet of anterior arch of atlas)
accessory process on?
lamina
mamillary process on?
SAP
promontory angle btw male female?
more obtuse in female (less kyphotic, more straight)
spina bifida
occulta: hidden, mildest
cystica: most severe, protusion of meninges or spinal cord
spina bifida cystica
minongocele: least common, verterbrae normal but meninges forced into gaps btw vertebrae
myelomenigocele: most common, unfused portion of spinal column allow spinal cord to protude through opening
synostoses
full ossification of 2 connectinb bones sutures (abnormal unless epiphyseal
anterior intervertebral joint
btw vertebral bodies
2nd cartilaginous
anterior and posterior long ligaments
posterior intervertebral joint
facet joint or zygapophyseal joint ligamentum flavum interspinous supraspinous intertransverse
ligatmentum flavum on?
lamina
route of bertebral artery
travels up transverse foramen and crosses into suboccipital triangle at C1 andinto skull via foramen magnum
2 segmental muscles?
roles?
interspinous
intertransvere
propioceptive
where intertransverse most prominant?
cervical
innervation suboccipital muscles
C1 dorsal rami
suboccipital triangle: floor, roof and content?
floor: posterior atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial membranes
roof: semispinalis
content: verterbral artery and fibrous capsule
flexion of the spinal column achieved by?
abdominal wall muscles flex lumbar
sternocleidomastoid flex cervical
prevertebral muscles do cervical too
ipsilateral or contralateral?
splenius
ipsilateral
ipsilateral or contralateral?
semispinalis
contralateral
ipsilateral or contralateral?
multifidi
contralateral
ipsilateral or contralateral?
rotatores
contralateral
ipsilateral or contralateral?
obliquus capitis
ipsilateral
ipsilateral or contralateral?
sternocleidomastoid
contralateral
innervation sternocleidomastoid
C11
are O and I permanent?
no, depend on action
4 prevetebral muscles + innevration
longus colli
longus capitis
rectus capitis anterior
rectus capitis lateralis
N: anterior primary rami of C nerve
which muscles attach anterior vertebral bodies?
longus colli and longus capitis
function synovial liquid?
nourishes, lubricates
BUT NOT SHOCK ABSORPTION
compact bone fed by?
canals and blood vessels
spongy bone fed by?
bone marrow
osteophytes
bony processed occur physical contact, some fuse together and cause complete stiffening
syndestosis?
full ossification of bone
difference btw primary and 2nd cartilaginous joints?
all primary cartilaginous joints turn syndestosis
what meninges receive minimal innervation = some sensitivity
dura mater
name and what in cavity long bone?
medullar cavity
yellow marrow
