Anatomy - Year 1 - MSK Flashcards
What (3) structures strengthen the lumbosacral joints?
1) lumbosacral disk
2) anterior/posterior longitudinal ligaments
3) iliolumbar ligaments
a) What are the 3 primary ligaments which strengthen the sacroiliac joint?
b) What are the 3 accessory ligaments which also help to strengthen the sacroiliac joint?
a) Primary Ligaments:
1) anterior sacroiliac
2) interosseous
3) posterior sacroiliac
b) Accessory Ligaments:
1) sacrospinous
2) sacrotuberous
3) iliolumbar
What (3) Bones fuse to make up the innominate bone? Where do all (3) bones fuse together?
1) ilium
2) ischium
3) pubis
Fuse together within the acetabulum
What are the 7 primary external rotator muscles of the hip joint?
1) Piriformis
2) Superior Gemellus
3) Inferior Gemellus
4) Obturator Internus
5) Obturator Externus
6) Quadratus Femoris
7) Gluteus Maximus
What are (4) areas of the body which could refer pain or discomfort due to stress on the iliolumbar ligaments?
1) inguinal ligaments
2) sacroiliac ligaments
3) pubes
4) femoral triangle of the thigh
What (3) structures make up the inguinal triangle?
1) inguinal ligament
2) rectus femoris
3) inferior epigastric artery & vein
What (3) structures make up the femoral triangle? and what are some of it’s important contents?
1) inguinal ligament (superiorly)
2) adductor longus (medially)
3) sartorius (laterally)
Contents: femoral sheath (funnel shaped fascial tube), femoral nerve, femoral artery & vein
a) What is the Anatomical Snuffbox?
b) What are the structures that create it’s boundaries?
c) What are some of it’s important contents?
a) Anatomical Snuffbox:
triangular deepening on the radial & dorsal aspect of the hand at the level of the carpal bones (spec. scaphoid & trapezium bones forming the floor)
b) Boundaries:
- tendon of extensor pollicis longus (medially)
- tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus (laterally)
- styloid process of radius (proximal border)
- approx. apex of schematic snuffbox (distal)
- floor can vary: but generally scaphoid & trapezium carpal bones can be palpated
c) Contents:
- radial artery
- cephalic vein
- radial nerve (dorsal cutaneous branch)
a) What are the boundaries of the Posterior Triangle of the Neck?
b) What are some of it’s important contents?
c) What are the muscles within the posterior triangle that create it’s floor?
a) Boundaries:
1) Sternocleidomastoid (Anteriorly)
2) Trapezius (Posteriorly)
3) Clavicle (Inferiorly)
b) Contents: contains 2 other triangles: occipital & supraclavicular
c) Muscles of Posterior Triangle Floor: splenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle and posterior scalenes
a) Which Triangle is the Occipital Triangle a part of?
b) Where does it get it’s name?
c) What are it’s important contents?
a) Posterior Triangle of the Neck
b) Gets it’s name from the presence of the occipital artery in it’s apex
c) Contents: portion of jugular vein, posterior branches of the cervical plexus, accessory nerve, trunks of brachial plexus, transverse cervical artery and cervical lymph nodes
a) Which Triangle is the Supraclavicular Triangle a part of?
b) What are it’s important contents?
a) Posterior Triangle of the Neck
b) Contents: subclavian artery & portion of vein, suprascapular artery and supraclavicular lymph nodes
a) What are the boundaries of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck?
b) What are some of it’s important contents?
c) What are the structures/muscles within the anterior triangle that create it’s floor?
a) Boundaries:
1) Sternocleidomastoid (Posteriorly)
2) Midline of the neck & mandible (Anteriorly)
3) Inferior aspect of the mandible (Superiorly)
4) Jugular Notch (Inferiorly)
b) Contents: suprahyoid muscles, infrahyoid muscles, carotid system of arteries (common, internal, external carotid arteries), anterior jugular veins, branches of cervical and cranial nerves
c) Structures/Muscles of Anterior Triangle Floor: larynx, pharynx, thyroid
a) What is the Carpal Tunnel?
b) How many and what type of muscle tendons pass through this tunnel?
c) Aside from the muscle tendons - what nerve passes through the tunnel?
d) Name the structures that create the carpal tunnel?
a) A fibro-osseous passageway on the palmar side of the wrist connecting distal forearm to middle compartment of the palm
b) 9 long flexor tendons pass through tunnel - 4x Flexor Digitorum Profundus, 4x Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & tendon for Flexor Pollicis Longus (within tendon sheath)
c) The median nerve (between the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis)
d) Structures:
- carpal bones (create a concavity/arch on
palmar side of wrist)
- sulcus carpi (groove on palmar side of wrist)
- flexor retinaculum
Name the relevant Triangles, Fossas, Canals, Spaces, Tunnels & Hiatuses of the Human Body?
Triangles (6):
1) Anterior Triangle of the Neck
2) Posterior Triangle of the Neck
- Occipital & Supraclavicular
3) Inguinal Triangle
4) Femoral Triangle
5) Pelvic Triangle
- Anal & Urogenital
6) Anatomical Snuffbox
Fossas (3):
1) Popliteal
2) Cubital
3) Axilla
Canals, Spaces, Tunnels & Hiatuses (4):
1) Carpal Tunnel
2) Adductor Canal
3) Adductor Hiatus
4) Quadrangular SpaceWhat are the 7 joints of the Shoulder?
Hints: 2 Humeral • 2 Clavicular • 3 Costal
2 Humeral: - suprahumeral - glenohumeral 2 Clavicular: - sternoclavicular - acromioclavicular 3 Costal: - scapulocostal - sternocostal - costovertebral/costotransverse
What percentage of weight is fascia in the human body?
16%
What percentage of fascia is made up of water?
25%
What (7) muscles have attachment to the Greater Trochanter of the Femur?
1) piriformis
2) obturator internus
3) superior gemellus
4) inferior gemellus
5) gluteus minimus
6) gluteus medius
7) vastus laterales
What (2) muscles have attachment to the Lesser Trochanter of the Femur?
1) Psoas Major
2) Iliacus
What are the (5) muscles that causes flexion at the hip joint?
1) Rectus Femoris (Quads)
2) Sartorius
3) Psoas Major
4) Iliacus
5) Pectineus
What are the (2) major muscles that cause extension at the hip joint?
1) gluteus maxiumus
2) biceps femoris (long head)
What are the (5) primary internal rotators of the hip joint?
(Hint: first 5 same as the primary adductors of hip)
What are (2) accessory internal rotators of the leg?
1) Pectineus
2) Adductor Brevis
3) Adductor Longus
4) Adductor Magnus
5) Gracilis
Accessory Rotators:
1) Semitendinosus
2) Semimembranosus
What are the (5) primary adductors of the hip joint?
1) Pectineus
2) Adductor Brevis
3) Adductor Longus
4) Adductor Magnus
5) Gracilis
What (3) structures make up the Hip?
1) Innominate Bone
2) Acetabulum (Acetabular Joint)
3) Head of Femur
With Patient in anatomical position - how is the acetabulum oriented? (3 points)
1) laterally
2) inferiorly
3) anteriorly (slightly)
a) To what does the angle of inclination refer to?
b) Provide the normal range (in degrees) for the angle of inclination as seen in adults
a) Refers to the angle created by the anatomical axis of the shaft of the femur and the longitudinal axis of the neck of the femur (from the head to greater trochanter of femur)
b) 120-135°
a) To what does the angle of anteversion refer to?
b) Provide the normal range (in degrees) for the angle of anteversion as seen in adults
a) Refers to the twisting of the shaft of the femur - where the distal condyles of femur are on a transverse plane, the shaft twists so that from the greater trochanter, neck through to the the head of the femur articulates anteriorly within the acetabulum
b) 12-15°
What are the (6) major motions of the hip joint?
1) flexion
2) extension
3) adduction
4) abduction
5) internal rotation
6) external rotation
What are the (2) minor motions of the hip joint?
1) anterior glide of the femoral head within the acetabulum during external rotation of the hip joint
2) posterior glide of the femoral head within the acetabulum during internal rotation of the hip joint
What are the (4) axes of the femur?
1) Anatomical longitudinal
2) Functional longitudinal
3) Transverse
4) Anterior/Posterior (A/P)
