Anatomy Week 1

Question 1

What organs does the foregut include?

Answer 1

• primordial pharynx
• lower resp system
• esophagus and stomach
• liver
• billiary ducts
• pancreas
• artery of foregut

Question 2

What is the esophagus?

Answer 2

Muscular tube carrying food from pharynx to stomach

Question 3

Normal length of esophagus?

Answer 3

25cm

Question 4

How many constrictions does the esophagus have and where?

Answer 4

3. • pharyngo-esophageal C6
   • thoracic constriction at aortic arch T4
   • oesophageal hiatus T10

Question 5

What are the 6 parts of the stomach?

Answer 5

cardia
fundus
body
pyloric part
greater curvature
lesser curvature

Question 6

What is mostly found in the fundus?

Answer 6

gas

Question 7

Where are the stomach curvatures found?

Answer 7

greater - outside
lesser - inside

Question 8

What is the pyloric canal and sphyncter?

Answer 8

canal leads to duodenum

sphyncter is a muscle thickening which controls discharge of stomach contents into duodenum

Question 9

Which structures are found at the stomach bed? (7)

Answer 9

diaphragm, spleen, left kidney, adrenal gland, splenic artery, transverse mesocolon and colon

Question 10

What is the role of the gallbladder?

Answer 10

Stores bile

Question 11

What is the structure of the biliary ducts?

Answer 11

L and R hepatic ducts lead to common hepatic duct. joins with cystic duct form common bile duct

Question 12

How much bile can be stored in the gallbladder?

Answer 12

up to 50ml

Question 13

What is the triangle of calot?

Answer 13

allows identification of artery supplying gallbladder.
between liver visceral surface, common hepatic duct and cyctic duct.

Question 14

What is the pancreas and its structure?

Answer 14

endocrine and exocrine gland

has head in duodenal curvature, , neck, body and tail towards spleen

Question 15

Where does the pancreas lie anatomically?

Answer 15

transpyloric plane at L1/L2

Question 16

What is the blood supply of the foregut? its origin?

Answer 16

coeliac trunk - one of the three ventral braches of the abdominal aorta at T12

Question 17

What are the three ventral branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 17

• coeliac branch
• superior mesentery artery
• inferior mesentery artery

Question 18

What are the branches of the coeliac artery?

Answer 18

• left gastric artery along lesser curvature of stomach
• hepatic artery supplying liver and gallbladder
• splenic artery running retroperitoneally along superior margin of pancreas

Question 19

What does the midgut consist of?

Answer 19

small intestine, majority duodenum, appendix

Question 20

Where does the midgut begin and end?

Answer 20

begins at major duodenal papilla in second part of duodenum, then leads to jejunum, ilium, cecum, appendix, ascending colon and first 2/3rds of transverse colon

Question 21

What drains into the major duodenal papilla?

Answer 21

pancreatic duct and common bile duct

Question 22

What is the cecum?

Answer 22

first part of the large intestine

Question 23

Where is the duodenum found?

Answer 23

retroperitoneally and it is static, unlike jejunum and ilium

Question 24

Where is the appendix found?

Answer 24

in midgut but variable. most commonly retrocecal.