Anatomy - Upper Limbs

Question 1

What are the 3 major joints of the upper limb?

Answer 1

• Sternoclavicular joint
  
  • Diarthrodial joint
    
    • 2 synovial compartments
  • Supporting ligaments
  • Tightly attached
  • Not frequently dislocated
    
    • clavicle usually fractures
• Acromioclavicular (A/C) joint
  
  • Joint capsule
  • Supporting ligaments:
    
    • coracoclavicular
    • coracoacromial
  • Coracoacromial Arch
    
    • Coracoacromial ligament from coracoid –> acromion
    • Prevents superior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint
  • “Separation”
• Glenohumeral joint
  
  • Universal joint
  • Joint capsule
  • 2 primary bursae:
    
    • subacromial (subdeltoid)
    • synvium of joint capsule

Question 2

What are the 3 major bones of the shoulder?

Answer 2

• Clavicle
• Scapula
• Humerus

Question 3

What are the 2 muscles of the upper limb?

Answer 3

• The shoulder girdle
  
  • Anterior:
    
    • pectoral m’s.
    • coracobrachialis
    • biceps brachii
  • Posterior:
    
    • trapezius
    • rhomboids
    • levator scapulae
    • serratus anterior
    • rotator cuff m’s.
  • Superior:
    
    • deltoid
• The rotator cuff
  
  • ​Holds the humerus in the glenoid fossa
    
    • Supraspinatus
    • Infraspinatus
    • Teres Minor
    • Subscapularis
  • Injuries
    
    • supraspinatus tendinitis
    • adhesive capsulitis

Question 4

What is the brachial plexus?

Answer 4

• The brachial plexus
  
  • posterior to the clavicle (w/ subclavians)
  • inferior to the coracoid process
  • inferior to the glenohumeral joint

Question 5

What is an Axillary nerve injury?

Answer 5

Axillary nerve injury

• inferior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint
  
  • shoulder dislocation
• head of humerus stretches and/or tears the axillary nerve
• Symptoms
  
  • numbness of lateral aspect of shoulder
  • inability to abduct from 15-90° (deltoid)

Question 6

What are the characteristics of the Axillary Artery?

Answer 6

Axillary Artery

• Continuation of subclavian
• Anastomoses around the shoulder
• Relationship w/ scalenes
  
  • clavicle (“TOS”)

6 main branches:

• Identify in Lab

Question 7

What are the 2 compartments of the arm?

Answer 7

• Anterior:
  
  • Flexors (shoulder/elbow):
    
    • biceps
    • brachialis
    • coracobrachialis
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
• Posterior:
  
  • Extensors (shoulder/elbow):
    
    • triceps
  • Radial nervw

Question 9

What is the Radial Nerve?

Answer 9

Basics:

• Wraps around humerus
  
  • vulnerable
• Innervates posterior compartments of arm & forearm
  
  • Distributed to skin of arm, forearm, and hand (posterior)

Lesion:

• “park bench palsy”

Question 10

What are the parts of the elbow?