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HSF Block 1 > Anatomy - Back > Flashcards

Anatomy - Back Flashcards

1
Q

*What is the basic architecture of the spinal column?

A

Basics:

  • Pyramid
  • Segmented
    • to allow for movement
  • Over 100 joints!

Spinal Curvatures

  • Cervical
    • Lordosis - posterior concavity
  • Thoracic
    • Kyphosis - posterior convexity
  • Lumbar
    • Lordosis - posterior concavity
  • Sacral
    • Kyphosis - posterior convexity
  • Scoliosis (abnormal)
    • ​Lateral curvature
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2
Q

*What are the regions of the vertebrae?

A
  • Cervical (7)
    • Spinouos process
    • Transverse foramen
  • Thoracic (12)
    • Declination of spinous process
  • Lumbar (5)
    • Size
    • Spinous process
  • Sacral (5 fused)
    • Base of pyramid
  • Coccyx (3-5 fused)
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3
Q

*What is the structure and function of the intervertebral disc?

A
  • Annulus Fibrosus
    • exterior rim
  • Nucleus Pulposus
    • interior
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4
Q

*What are the basic kinematics of the body as applied to the spine?

A
  • Movement, not forces
  • Vectors
  • 6° of freedom?
  • Joint Anatomy
    • facilitates
    • restricts
  • Extension/Flexion
  • Lateral Flexon
  • Rotation
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5
Q

*What are the layers of muscle in the back & what are their primary functions?

A
  • Superficial
    • Upper limb movement
      • Trapezius
      • Deltoid
      • Infraspinatus/Supraspinatus
      • Teres Major/Minor
      • Latissimus dorsi
      • Rhomboid major/minor
      • Levator scapulae
      • Splenius cervicis/capititis
      • Semispinalis capitis muscle
  • Intermediate
    • Accessory respiratory
      • Serratus anterior/posterior superior/inferior
      • External/Interna loblique
  • Deep
    • Spine support
      • Erector spinae
        • Iliocostalis
        • Longissimus
        • Spinalis
      • Transversospinales
      • Levatores costarum
        • hold spine to rib
  • Gait
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6
Q

What are the contents and spaces of the vertebral canal?

A
  • CNS (spinal cord)
  • Meninges
    • Dura mater
    • archnoid mater
      • SAS
    • pia mater
    • recurrent (meningeal) branches of spinal nerve
  • Blood
    • Arteries
      • Segmental
      • Vertebral
      • Intercostal
      • Lumbar
      • Lateral Sacral
    • Veins (Posterior/Anterior)
      • Vertebral plexus
      • No valves
  • Fat
    • epidural space
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7
Q

What is the relationship between the spinal cord and vertebral
column?

A
  • Spinal cord
    • C1-Co
    • C1-L2
    • CPU
    • Gray Matter
    • White Matter
      • tracks
  • Nerves vs. Vertebrae
    • C7, C8
  • Conus medullaris
  • Cauda equina
    • LP
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8
Q

How does the CNS traffick information in & out?

A
  • CNS/PNS
    • Input/Output
    • Afferenet/Efferent
    • Sensory/Motor
  • PNS
    • Somatic
    • Visceral (autonomic nervious system)
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9
Q

What is the basic architecture of the spinal nerve?

A
  • The arboreal analogy:
    • roots, trunk, branches (rami)
  • The Law of Bell‐Magendie
    • dorsal root : sensory
    • ventral root: motor
  • The mixed “peripheral” nerve and its branches
    • afferent/efferent
    • somatic/visceral
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10
Q

What are the modalities carried by the spinal nerve?

A

Distribution of Spinal Nerves

  • Dermatome (skin)
    • different from the plexus branch distribution
  • Myotome (muscles)
  • Sclerotome (bones)
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11
Q

What is the basic pathology of the spine as it relates to the spinal nerve?

A
  • Degenerative Joint Disease
    • Spondylolysis
    • Spondylolisthesis
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12
Q

What is the Suboccipital Triangle?

A
  • 4 muscles
  • 1 nerve
  • Vertebral Artery
  • Tension Headache
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13
Q

How is blood suppied to the spinal cord?

A
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14
Q

What is the arrangement of spinal arteries?

A
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15
Q

What is the arrangement of spinal veins?

A
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16
Q

What are the Superficial Back Muscles?

17
Q

What are the Deep Back Muscles?

18
Q

What type of ligaments are shown?

A

Anterior longitudinal

19
Q

What type of ligment is shown?

A

Posterior longitudinal

20
Q

How is the spinal cord innervated?

21
Q

What are the meninges?

22
Q

What are the components of the spinal nerve?

A
  • The arboreal analogy:
    • roots, trunk, branches (rami)
  • The Law of Bell-Magendie
    • dorsal root : sensory
    • ventral root: motor
  • The mixed “peripheral” nerve and its branches
    • afferent/efferent
    • somatic/visceral
  • Contrast the cranial nerve
    • (single and/or multiple modalities)
23
Q

Intervertebral Foramen

24
Q

What is a Herniated Nucleus Pulposus?

A
  • Usually posterolateral
    • Ligament position
  • Affects one or more spinal nerves
  • Dx:
    • straight leg raise
  • Tx:
    • Rest/exercise, etc.
    • Surgery?
25
Q

What are Zygapophyseal Joints?

A

Basics:

  • Gliding Joints
    • planar joints
  • Facet Joints
    • in the vertical plane/sagical plane
    • flex/extension
  • Allow motion
  • Restrict motion
  • Offset
    • coupling

HSF Block 1 (19 decks)

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