Anatomy - Upper Limb Flashcards
Anterior wall of axilla [2]
Posterior wall of axilla [1]
Medial wall of axilla [2]
Lateral wall of axilla
Anterior: Pec major, pec minor
Posterior: subscapularis
Medial: thoracic wall, serrates anterior
Lateral: intertubecular sulcus of humerus
Contents of axilla [4]
Axillary artery and vein
Brachial plexus cords and branches
Lymphatic vessels
Axillary LN
axillary artery is continuation of
at what anatomical point does axillary artery begin
axillary artery continues beyond axilla as which vessel
at which anatomical point does the name of this vessel change
NB clinical compression of axillary artery may be necessary when profuse bleeding occurs due to severe injury of upper limb
subclavian artery
lateral border of first rib
axillary artery > brachial artery
@ lower margin of teres major
Brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of what nerve roots
Which nerve roots form upper trunk [2]
Erb’s point and clinical relevance
What is Erb’s palsy
C5, C6, C7, C8 , T1
Upper trunk - C5,C6
The posterior border of SCM, 2-3cm above clavicle
the union of C5 and C6 nerve roots
Injury to upper trunk causes Erb’s palsy resulting in waiters tip appearance of upper limb
Injury to upper trunk causes Erb’s palsy resulting in waiters tip appearance of upper limb. Which group of muscles are affected?
Supinator Deltoid BBC muscles of the arm Wrist extensors Elbow flexors
Resist the delicious chinese bao
is an acronym of what?
Roots Trunks Divisions Cords Branches
Which nerve roots form lower trunk [2]
Injury to lower trunk results in what palsy
What is the clinical manifestation of this [1] and what is the position of the hand [4]
Common cause of injury to lower trunk
C8 T1
Klumpke’s palsy
Claw hand - forearm supination, wrist and fingers hyperextended, flexion ITP and MCP joints
Undue abduction of arm
How are the cords of the brachial plexus named
What is the axillary sheath
In relation to the axillary artery
Axillary sheath: a fibrous layer that covers artery and the 3 cords of the brachial plexus
Lateral cord - main branch
Medial cord - main branch
Posterior cord - 2 main branches
Musculocutaneous nerve
Median nerve
Axillary nerve and radial nerve
Arterial supply to UL [4]
Venous drainage - superficial veins of the UL [2]
What veins connect deep and superficial vein systems
Where do these 2 superficial veins arise
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
Superficial palmar arch
Deep palmar arch
Superficial venous drainage of UL
Basilic vein
Cephalic vein
Perforating veins connect deep and superficial vein systems
The cephalic vein arises at the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch
Basilic vein arises at medial end of dorsal venous arch
Which large communicating vein shunts blood from cephalic to basilica vein
Median cubital vein
Name 4 distinct axillary LN groups
Anterior Posterior Apical Central Lateral
Which group of LN will be involved if lymphatic spread of infection/cancer begins in following areas of the body: Infection of little finger Boil in scapular region Medial part of the breast Lateral part of the breast
Infection of little finger - axillary LN
Boil in scapular region - axillary LN
Medial part of the breast - internal thoracic LN
Lateral part of the breast - axillary LN
Pectoral girdle is the set of bones which connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton on each side. Entire upper limb and pectoral girdle articulate at one small joint only. What is this?
Acromioclavicular joint
Scapular movements Scapular muscles to choose from: levator scapulae, rhomboids, pectoralis minor, trapezius, serratus anterior Elevation Depression Protraction Retraction Lateral rotation Medial rotation
Elevation - trapezius superior fibres, levator scapulae
Depression - trapezius inferior fibres
Protraction - serratus anterior
Retraction - trapezius, rhomboids
Lateral rotation - trapezius
Medial rotation - levator scapulae, rhomboids, pectoralis minor
