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Semester 4: Nutrition and Metabolism > Anatomy Topic 4 Case 7 > Flashcards

Anatomy Topic 4 Case 7 Flashcards

1
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A
  • 5
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2
Q

What type of curvature does the lumbar spine have?

A
  • Secondary curvature

- Concave posteriorly

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3
Q

Identify features of a lumbar vertebrae

A
  • Large
  • Vertebral bodies increase in size
  • Pedicles are short and stocky
  • Transverse processes are long and slender
  • Spinous processes are large and stubby
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4
Q

Aside from the lumbar vertebrae identify the other bony features that make up the posterior abdominal wall

A
  • Sacrum
  • Ilia
  • Ribs 1 1 and 12
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5
Q

How are ribs 11 and 12 unique?

A
  • They do not articulate with sternum
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6
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, action and innervation of psoas major

A
  • Origin: Bodies/intervertebral discs of T12-L5, transverse processes of L1-L5
  • Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
  • Innervation: L1-L3
  • Action: Flexion of hip
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7
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, action and innervation of psoas minor

A
  • Origin: Bodies/intervertebral discs of T12-L1
  • Insertion: Pectineal line
  • Innervation: L1
  • Action: Flexion of lumbar spine
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8
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, action and innervation of quadratus lumborum

A
  • Origin: Iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest, transverse process of L5
  • Insertion: Transverse processes of L1-L4, inferior border of rbi 12
  • Innervation: T12-L4
  • Action: Depresses and stabilises rib 12, lateral bending of trunk
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9
Q

Identify the origin, insertion, action and innervation of iliacus

A
  • Origin: Iliac fossa, anterior sacro-iliac ligaments and iliolumbar ligaments
  • Insertion: Lesser trochanter
  • Innervation: L2-L4
  • Action: Flexion at hip
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10
Q

What is the central tendon of the diaphragm?

A
  • Point at which the circumferentially attached muscle fibres attach
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11
Q

What is the function of the crura?

A
  • Anchors the diaphragm to the lumbar vertebra

- Blends with anterior longitudinal ligament

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12
Q

Identify differences between the right and left crura

A
  • Right crus attaches to L1-L3

- Left crus attaches to L1-L2

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13
Q

How are the two crura conncted?

A
  • By the median arcuate ligament

- Which passes anterior to the aorta

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14
Q

What forms the medial arcuate ligament?

A
  • Fascia covering the upper part of psoas major
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15
Q

Which lumbar vertebrae is the medial arcuate ligament attached to?

A
  • Medially: Bodies of L1-L2

- Laterally: Transverse process of L1

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16
Q

What forms the lateral arcuate ligament?

A
  • Fascia covering quadratus lumborum
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17
Q

Which lumbar vertebrae is the lateral arcuate ligament attached to?

A
  • Medially: Transverse process of L1

- Laterally: Rib 12

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18
Q

At which vertebral level is the aortic hiatus located?

A
  • T12
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19
Q

What passes through the aortic hiatus?

A
  • Aorta
  • Thoracic duct
  • Azygos vein
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20
Q

At which vertebral level is the oesophageal hiatus located?

A
  • T10
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21
Q

What passes through the aortic hiatus?

A
  • Oesophagus
  • Anterior and posterior vagal trunks
  • Oesophageal branches of left gastric artery and vein
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22
Q

At which vertebral level is the caval opening located?

A
  • T8
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23
Q

What passes through the caval opening?

A
  • Inferior vena cava

- Right phrenic nerve

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24
Q

How does the left phrenic nerve pass through the diaphragm?

A
  • Passes through the muscular part of the diaphragm

- Just anterior to the central tendon on left side

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25
Q

What passes through the both crus?

A
  • Greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves
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26
Q

What passes through the left crus?

A
  • Hemi-azygos vein
27
Q

What passes posterior to the medial arcuate ligament?

A
  • Sympathetic trunks
28
Q

What passes anterior to the diaphragm?

A
  • Superior epigastric vessels
29
Q

What forms the right dome of the diaphragm?

A
  • Liver
  • Right kidney
  • Right suprarenal gland
30
Q

What forms the left dome of the diaphragm?

A
  • Stomach
  • Spleen
  • Left kidney
  • Left suprarenal gland
31
Q

What is the arterial supply to the superior part of the diaphragm?

A
  • Musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries (from internal thoracic artery)
  • Superior phrenic artery (a branch of the thoracic aorta)
32
Q

What is the arterial supply of the inferior part of the diaphragm?

A
  • Inferior phrenic artery (a branch of thoracic aorta)
33
Q

Outline the innervation of the diaphragm?

A
  • Phrenic nerves C3-C5
34
Q

Identify the four anterior branches of the abdominal aorta and what they supply

A
  • Coeliac trunk: foregut
  • Superior mesenteric artery: midgut
  • Inferior mesenteric artery: hindgut
  • Testicular ovarian arteries: ‘’
35
Q

Identify the three lateral branches of the abdominal aorta

A
  • Middle suprarenal arteries
  • Renal arteries
  • Inferior phrenic arteries
36
Q

Identify two posterior branches of the abdominal aorta

A
  • Lumbar arteries

- Median sacral artery

37
Q

Identify 7 tributaries of the inferior vena cava

A
  • Common iliac veins
  • Lumbar veins
  • Right testicular / ovarian veins
  • Right suprarenal veins
  • Inferior phrenic veins
  • Hepatic veins
38
Q

Why are there no tributaries form the abdominal part of the GI tract?

A
  • They drain into the portal venous system

- Which first passes through the liver

39
Q

Which vein does the fifth lumbar vein drain into?

A
  • Iliolumbar vein
40
Q

Which vein do the third and fourth lumbar veins drain into?

A
  • Directly into inferior vena cava
41
Q

Which vein do the first and second lumbar veins drain into?

A
  • Ascending lumbar veins
  • Which are anastomosing venous channels
  • Which connect with common iliac, iliolumbar, and azygos veins
42
Q

The lumbar plexus is formed by the anterior rami of which nerves?

43
Q

Identify the six branches of the lumbar plexus

A
  • Iliohypogastric plexus
  • Ilio-inguinal
  • Genitofemoral
  • Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
  • Obturator
  • Femoral
44
Q

Which muscle does the lumbar plexus form in?

A
  • Psoas major
45
Q

Which branch(es) of lumbar plexus emerge anteriorly from psoas muscle?

A
  • Genitofemoral
46
Q

Which branch(es) of lumbar plexus emerge medially from psoas muscle?

A
  • Obturator nerve
47
Q

Which branch(es) of lumbar plexus emerge laterally from psoas muscle?

A
  • Iliohypogastric
  • Ilio-inguinal
  • Femoral
  • Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
48
Q

Which spinal segment does the iliohypogastric nerve arise from?

49
Q

What are the sensory functions of the iliohypogastric nerve?

A
  • Posterolateral gluteal skin

- Skin in pubic region

50
Q

What are the motor functions of the iliohypogastric nerve?

A
  • Internal oblique

- Transversus abdominis

51
Q

Which spinal segment does the ilio-inguinal nerve arise from?

52
Q

What are the sensory functions of the ilio-inguinal nerve?

A
  • Skin of upper medial thigh
  • Skin over root of penis / anterior scrotum
  • Skin over mons pubis and labium majora
53
Q

What are the motor functions of the ilio-inguinal nerve?

A
  • Internal oblique

- Transversus abdominis

54
Q

Which spinal segment does the genitofemoral nerve arise from?

55
Q

What are the sensory functions of the genitofemoral nerve?

A
  • Genital branch: skin of anterior scrotum / mons pubis and labium majora
  • Femoral branch: Anterior thigh
56
Q

What are the motor functions of the genitofemoral nerve?

A
  • Cremasteric muscle
57
Q

Which spinal segment does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh arise from?

58
Q

What are the sensory functions of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

A
  • Skin on anterior and lateral thigh to knee
59
Q

Which spinal segment does the obturator nerve arise from?

60
Q

What are the sensory functions of obturator nerve?

A
  • Skin on medial aspect of the thigh
61
Q

What are the motor functions of obturator nerve?

A
  • Medial compartment
  • Obturator nerve
  • Pectineus
62
Q

Which spinal segment does the femoral nerve arise from?

63
Q

What are the sensory functions of the femoral nerve?

A
  • Anterior thigh and medial surface of leg
64
Q

What are the motor functions of the femoral nerve

A
  • Anterior compartment
  • Iliacus
  • Pectineus

Semester 4: Nutrition and Metabolism (17 decks)

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