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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY / ANATOMY & STRUCTURE > Anatomy & Structure > Flashcards

Anatomy & Structure Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anatomy

A

study about (body) structure through dissection

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2
Q

physiology

A

study of the functions of living organisms and their parts

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3
Q

structure fits function

A

each part has particular size shape form position in the body in direct relation to it’s ability to perform a unique specialized function

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4
Q

scientific method

A

observation, hypothesis, experimentation, theory or law

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5
Q

levels of organization

A

(chemical, organelle) cellular, tissue, organ, organism

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6
Q

gross structures

A

large structures

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7
Q

anatomical position

A

erect or standing posture arms at the side palms forward

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8
Q

bilateral symmetry

A

left and right sides mirror each other

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9
Q

median

A

middle

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10
Q

not anatomical position

A

supine - laying down facing upward

prone - laying face down

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11
Q

superior direction

A

toward the head, upper, above

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12
Q

inferior direction

A

toward the feet, lower, below

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13
Q

anterior

A

front or in front of

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14
Q

posterior

A

back or in back of

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15
Q

ventral

A

toward the belly (aka front)

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16
Q

dorsal

A

toward the back (aka back)

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17
Q

medial

A

toward the midline or middle of the body

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18
Q

lateral

A

toward the side of the body or away from the midline

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19
Q

proximal

A

toward the nearest trunk of the body or nearest point of origin

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20
Q

distal

A

away from, farthest from trunk of body, farthest from point of origin

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21
Q

superficial

A

nearer the surface

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22
Q

deep

A

farther away from the surface

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23
Q

sagittal plane

A

cut or section length wise from front to back, divides the body into left and right halves

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24
Q

parasagittal plane

A

plane length wise that divides the body into UNEQUAL right and left halves

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25
Q

midsagittal plane

A

plane length wise that divides the body into EQUAL right and left halves

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26
Q

frontal plane

A

length wise plane that divides the body into anterior (front ventral) and posterior (back dorsal)

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27
Q

transverse plane

A

length wise plane that divides the body or any of its parts into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions

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28
Q

movement planes

A

planes can also be used to describe movement

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29
Q

main major body cavities

A

ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior)

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30
Q

cranial cavity housed in the

A

dorsal cavity

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31
Q

spinal cavity housed in the

A

dorsal cavity

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32
Q

thoracic cavity housed in the

A

ventral cavity

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33
Q

pleural cavity housed in the

A

ventral cavity

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34
Q

mediastinum housed in the

A

ventral cavity

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35
Q

diaphragm housed in the

A

ventral cavity

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36
Q

abdominal cavity housed in the

A

ventral cavity

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37
Q

abdominopelvic cavity housed in the

A

ventral cavity

38
Q

pelvic cavity housed in the

A

ventral cavity

39
Q

thoracic cavity

A

mediastinum & pleural cavities

40
Q

mediastinum

A

trachea, heart, blood vessels

41
Q

pleural cavities

A

lungs

42
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

abdominal & pelvic cavities

43
Q

abdominal cavity

A

liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, parts of the large intestine

44
Q

pelvic cavity

A

lower (sigmoid) colon, rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive organs

45
Q

dorsal body cavities

A

cranial & spinal cavities

46
Q

cranial cavity

A

brain

47
Q

spinal cavity

A

spinal cord

48
Q

ventral body cavities

A

thoracic cavity

49
Q

axial portion

A

head, neck, trunk or torso

50
Q

appendicular portion

A

upper and lower extremities

51
Q

abdominal region

A

anterior torso below the diaphragm

52
Q

antebrachial region

A

forearm

53
Q

axillary region

A

armpit

54
Q

brachial region

A

arm

55
Q

buccal region

A

cheek

56
Q

carpal region

A

wrist

57
Q

cephalic region

A

head

58
Q

cervical region

A

neck

59
Q

cranial region

A

skull

60
Q

crural region

A

leg

61
Q

cubital* region

A

elbow

* can also be used to describe forearm

62
Q

cutaneous region

A

skin or body surface

63
Q

digital region

A

fingers or toes

64
Q

dorsal region

A

back

65
Q

facial region

A

face

66
Q

femoral region

A

thigh

67
Q

frontal region

A

forehead

68
Q

gluteal region

A

buttock

69
Q

inguinal region

A

groin

70
Q

lumbar region

A

lower back between ribs and pelvis

71
Q

mammary region

A

breast

72
Q

nasal region

A

nose

73
Q

occipital region

A

back of lower skull

74
Q

oral region

A

mouth

75
Q

orbital region

A

eyes

76
Q

ophthalmic region

A

eyes

77
Q

palmar region

A

palm of hand

78
Q

pedal region

A

foot

79
Q

pelvic region

A

lower portion of torso

80
Q

perineal region

A

area (perineum) between anus and genitals

81
Q

plantar region

A

sole of foot

82
Q

popliteal region

A

area behind the knee

83
Q

supraclavicular region

A

area above the clavical

84
Q

tarsal region

A

ankel

85
Q

temporal region

A

side of skull

86
Q

thoracid region

A

chest

87
Q

umbilical region

A

area around navel or umbilicus

88
Q

volar region

A

palm or sole

89
Q

zygomatic region

A

upper cheek

90
Q

atrophy

A

degenerative process that results in disuse (as in muscle)

91
Q

homestasis

A

relative constancy of the internal environment

92
Q

feedback control

A

SENSOR - senses change sends data to CONTROL CENTER or INTEGRATOR which compares changed condition to normal conditions and EFFECTOR adjusts body response

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY / ANATOMY & STRUCTURE (7 decks)

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