Anatomy Spot Flashcards
what is in the CNS
brain + spinal cord
what is in the PNS
spinal nerves
cranial nerves
autonomic nerves
collection of nerve bodies
CNS: nucleus
PNS: ganglion
how do motor axons pass into spinal cord?
via anterior horn, then into anterior rootlets, then into spinal nerve
how do sensory axons pass into spinal cord
posterior horn
dermatome of male nipple
T4
dermatome of umbilicus
T10
parasympathetic cranial nerves
III, VII, IX and X
end of spinal cord
L1/L2
location anaesthetic is injected to target caudal equine
sacral hiatus
-anaesthetises sacral spinal nerve roots of caudal equina
nerve supply to anatomical snuff box
cutaneous branches of radial nerve
area of body referring pain to T1 & T2 anterior rami
myocardium
Paralysis
muscle without functioning motor nerve supply
- cannot contract
- reduced tone
spasticity
muscle has intact functioning motor nerve.
- descending controls from brain not working
- increased tone
order CNs are named
anterior -> posterior
medial -> lateral
In relation to where they connect to CNS
intracranial part of the CN course
between point of connection with CNS -> base of skull foraminae
chord tympani innervates
taste buds of anterior ⅔ of tongue
Parasympathetic supply to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.
function of stapedius muscle
reduces stapes movement
-protects inner ear from excessive noise
where do vagus nerves last parasympathetic axons pass
splenic flexure of colon
what nerve forms the first part of the afferent limb of blink reflex
long ciliary nerves
what vessel is damaged if pterion is damaged
middle meningeal artery
‘danger triangle’ of face
veins from face connect with sinuses within cranial cavity.
-bacteria can easily spread
compression of oculomotor nerve leads to what
isolated fixed dilated pupil (blown pupil)
weakness of uterine supper leads to what
uterine prolapse
function of Bartholin’s gland
secretes lubrication
nerve at risk of damage in childbirth
pudendal nerve
what 2 arteries does uterine artery anastomose
ovarian artery
Vaginal artery
where does inguinal ligament attach in pelvis
between ASIS and pubic tubercle
bony landmarks palpable on vaginal exam
ischial spines
female vs male
- AP and transverse pelvic diameter
- subpubic angle
- pelvic cavity
large diameter
wider angle
shallower cavity
moulding
movement of one bone over another to allow foetal head to pass through pelvis during labour
vertex on foetal skull
outlined by anterior and posterior fontanelle and parietal eminences
occipitofrontal vs biparietal dimeter in foetal skull
occipitifrontal is longer
what distance is referred to as the ‘station’
distance of foetal head from the ischial spines
-ve head superior to spines
+ve: head inferior to spines
position of fetal head at pelvic inlet
transverse
position of fetal head at pelvic outlet
occipitoanterior, extended
muscle separating pelvis and perineum
Levator ani
pain from female repro system is sent to spinal cord at what levels
T11-12: uterine tubers, uterus, ovaries
S2 -> 4= cervix & superior vagina
side effect of spinal anaesthetic
hypotension
during what repro surgery can the uterer be damaged
hysterectomy
during what repro surgery are the rectus muscles not cut but pulled apart
c-section
