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anatomy bone markings > anatomy skeleton description > Flashcards

anatomy skeleton description Flashcards

1
Q

the __forms the central supporting axis of the body and includes the skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage (ribs and sternum)

A

axial skeleton

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2
Q

the __ is the most complex part of the skeleton. Bones of the ___ have conspicuous foramina (sing. foramen), holes that allow passage for nerves and blood vessels

A

skull

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3
Q

the _____ includes bones of the upper limb and pectoral girdle and bones of the lower limb and pelvic girdle.

A

appendicular skeleton

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4
Q

the ___ of the skull extends from the forehead back to a prominent coronal suture, which crosses the crown of the head and joins the frontal bone to the parietal bones

A

frontal bone

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5
Q

the ___ bones form most of the cranial roof and part of its walls.

A

right and left parietal

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6
Q

each ___bone is bordered by four sutures. The ____ lies between the two parietal bones. the __ is at the anterior margin. the ___ is at the posterior margin. The ____ is at the lateral margin

A

parietal
sagittal suture
coronal suture
lambdoid suture
squamousal suture

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7
Q

the ____ form much of the lower wall and part of the floor of the cranial cavity; you can feel this bone just above and anterior to each ear.

A

right and left temporal bones

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8
Q

the ___part of the temporal houses the middle- and inner-ear cavities.

A

petrous

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9
Q

the ___ forms the rear of the skull (or occiput), and much of its base.

A

occipital bone

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10
Q

The most conspicuous feature of the occipital bone is the___through which the ____passes and to which the _____attaches

A

foramen magnum
spinal cord
dura mater

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11
Q

On either side of the foramen magnum is a smooth knob called the____the skull rests on the vertebral column on these condyles.

A

occipital condyle

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12
Q

The __ has a complex shape, with a thick medial body and outstretched greater and lesser wings.

A

sphenoid bone

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13
Q

the ___ is a saddlelike prominence in the body of the sphenoid

A

sella turcica

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14
Q

the __ has three major portions and is an anterior bone located between the eyes

A

ethmoid bone

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15
Q

The ___is a thin median plate of bone that forms the superior two-thirds of the nasal septum, dividing the nasal cavity into right and left nasal fossae.

A

perpendicular plate

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16
Q

The ___is a horizontal plate that forms the roof of the nasal cavity

A

cribriform plate

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17
Q

The___is a median blade on this plate that forms an attachment point for the dura mate

A

crista galli

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18
Q

The ___are those having no direct contact with the brain or meninges; there are 14 facial bones: 2 maxillae, 2 palatine bones, 2 zygomatic bones, 2 lacrimal bones, 2 nasal bones, 2 inferior nasal conchae, 1 vomer, and 1 mandible

A

facial bone

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19
Q

The___are the largest facial bones; they form the upper jaw and meet at the median intermaxillary suture

A

maxillae

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20
Q

The___are located in the posterior nasal cavity; each has an L shape formed by a horizontal and a perpendicular plate

A

palatine bones

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21
Q

The___ form the angles of the cheeks at the inferolateral margins of the orbits and part of the lateral wall of each orbit; they extend halfway to the ear

A

zygomatic bones

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22
Q

the __ form part of the medial wall of each orbit and are the smallest bones of the skull—about the size of the little fingernail.

A

lacrimal bones

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23
Q

Two small rectangular ___form the bridge of the nose and support cartilages that shape the nose’s lower portion

A

nasal bone

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24
Q

___ is the largest of the three nasal conchae, is a separate bone. The other conchae are parts of the ethmoid

A

inferior nasal concha,

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25
Q

the __ forms the inferior half of the nasal septum and resembles the blade of a plow.

A

vomer

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26
Q

The ____ of the ethmoid bone support a wall of septal cartilage that forms most of the anterior part of the nasal septum

A

vomer and perpendicular plate

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27
Q

____is the strongest bone of the skull and the only one that can move

A

mandible

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28
Q

Seven bones are closely associated with the skull but not considered part of it: the_____in each middle-ear cavity and the___ beneath the chin.

A

three auditory ossicles, hyoid bone

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29
Q

the ____supports the skull and trunk, allows for their movement, protects the spinal cord, absorbs stresses of walking, running, and lifting. It provides attachment for the limbs, thoracic cage, and postural muscles

A

vertebral column (spine)

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30
Q

The vertebrae are divided into five groups:___cervical vertebrae in the neck, ___thoracic vertebrae in the chest, ____lumbar vertebrae in the lower back, ___sacral vertebrae at the base of the spine, and __tiny coccygeal vertebrae at the very end

A

7,12,5,5,4

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31
Q

The most obvious feature of a vertebra is the___ mass of spongy bone and red bone marrow covered with a thin shell of compact bone; this is the weight-bearing portion of the vertebra

A

body (centrum)

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32
Q

The __collectively form the vertebral canal through which the
spinal cord passes.

A

vertebral foramina

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33
Q

___provide attachment points for ligaments, ribs, and spinal muscles

A

spinous and transverse processes

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34
Q

___extends laterally from the point where the 2 pedicle and lamina meet

A

transverse process

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35
Q

When two vertebrae are joined, they exhibit an opening between their pedicles called the

A

intervertebral foramen

36
Q

_____allows passage of spinal nerves
that connect with the spinal cord at regular intervals

A

foramen

37
Q

Vertebra C1 is called the ___ because it supports the head

A

atlas

38
Q

Vertebra C2 is called the ___ and it allows the head to swivel from side to side. It has a prominent knob, the dens, or odontoid process, on its anterosuperior side, which projects into the vertebral foramen of the atlas.

A

axis

39
Q

The __ is the first vertebra that exhibits a spinous process

A

axis

40
Q

The __are relatively pointed and angle sharply downward. The body is somewhat heart-shaped and more massive than that of the cervical vertebrae but less than the lumbar vertebrae

A

spinous process

41
Q

The___ is a bony plate that forms the posterior wall of the pelvic girdle. The coccyx usually consists of four (sometimes five) coccygeal vertebrae (Co1 to Co4 or Co5), which fuse by the age of 20 or 30.

A

sacrum

42
Q

The___ consists of the thoracic vertebrae, sternum, and ribs

A

thoracic cage

43
Q

The ___ is a bony plate anterior to the heart; it is subdivided into three regions

A

sternum (breastbone

44
Q

The___ is the broad superior portion. It has a median suprasternal (jugular) notch, which can be felt between the clavicles

A

manubrium

45
Q

At the inferior end of the sternum is a small, pointed ___that provides attachment for some abdominal muscles

A

xyphoid process

46
Q

There are ___, with no difference in number between the sexes. Each rib is attached at its posterior (proximal) end to the vertebral column

A

12 pairs of ribs

47
Q

the ___supports the arm; it consists of two bones, the
clavicle (collarbone) and scapula (shoulder blade)

A

pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle)

48
Q

The medial end of the ___ articulates with the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint, and its lateral end articulates with the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint. The ____is slightly S-shaped

A

clavicle

49
Q

The_____ articulates with the humerus at the glenohumeral joint

A

scapula

50
Q

The ___extends from shoulder to elbow and contains only the humerus.

A

brachium, or arm proper,

51
Q

The__extends from elbow to wrist and contains two bones,
the radius and ulna; in anatomical position, the radius is lateral to the ulna

A

antebrachium ( forearm)

52
Q

the___of the humerus has two smooth condyles. The lateral condyle, the capitulum, is shaped somewhat like a wide tire and articulates with the radius

A

distal end

53
Q

The__called the trochlea, is pulleylike and articulates with the ulna.

A

medial condyle

54
Q

The__protects the ulnar nerve, which passes close to the surface; this epicondyle is popularly known as the “funny bone.” Just above these epicondyles are the lateral and medial supracondylar ridges, which are attachments for some forearm muscle

A

medial epicondyle

55
Q

The___ has a distinctive discoidal head at its proximal end

A

radius

56
Q

The__has a deep, C-shaped trochlear notch at its proximal end; this notch wraps around the trochlea of the humerus.

A

ulna

57
Q

the ___bones in the proximal row, starting at the lateral (thumb) side, are the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform

A

carpal bone

58
Q

The___is a sesamoid bone that is not present at birth but develops around age 9 to 12 in the tendon of the flexor carpiulnaris muscle.

A

pisiform

59
Q

The bones of the distal row, also starting on the lateral side, are the___

A

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

60
Q

The___can be recognized by a prominent hook called the hamulus on the palmar side

A

hamate

61
Q

___are the bones of the palm

A

matacarpals

62
Q

____is proximal to the base of the thumb, and metacarpal V is proximal to the base of the little finger

A

Metacarpal I

63
Q

The proximal end of a metacarpal bone is called the ___, the shaft is called the ___, and the distal end is called the ___; the heads form knuckles when you clench your fist

A

base, body, head

64
Q

___ are the bones of the fingers; the singular is phalanx

A

Phalanges

65
Q

___phalanges are found in the pollex (thumb) and ___in each of the other digits

A

2,3

66
Q

The iliac crest is the___

A

superior crest of the hip

67
Q

The acetabulum is the___

A

hip socket

68
Q

The___is a large round-to-triangular hole below the acetabulum, closed by a ligament called the obturator membrane

A

obturator foramen

69
Q

The adult hip bone is formed by the fusion of three childhood bones:

A

the ilium, ischium, and pubis

70
Q

The__the largest bone, extends from the iliac crest to the center of the acetabulum

A

ilium

71
Q

The ____extends from an anterior point or angle, the anterior superior spine, to a sharp posterior angle, the posterior superior spine

A

iliac crest

72
Q

The ___form visible protrusions in a lean person. The
___are sometimes marked by dimples above the buttocks

A

anterior superior spines
posterior superior spines

73
Q

The___is the inferoposterior portion of the hip bone

A

ischium

74
Q

The___is the most anterior portion of the hip bone and has a superior and inferior ramus and a triangular body

A

pubis (pubic bone)

75
Q

The___is sexually dimorphic, and the sex of skeletal remains can be identified largely from the anatomy of the___

A

pelvis

76
Q

The___extend from hip to knee and contains the femur

A

femoral region

77
Q

The__ is a sesamoid bone at the junction of the femoral and crural regions

A

patella (kneecap

78
Q

The___or ankle, is the union of the crural region with the foot.

A

tarsal region (tarsus)

79
Q

The ___region, or leg proper, extends from knee to ankle and contains two bones, the medial tibia and lateral fibula

A

crural

80
Q

The ____region (pes), or foot, is composed of the 7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsals, and 14 phalanges in the toes.

A

pedal

81
Q

The___is the longest and strongest bone of the body, with a hemispherical head that articulates with the acetabulum in a ball-and-socket joint

A

femur

82
Q

the __is a large sesamoid bone; it is cartilaginous at birth and
ossifies at 3 to 6 years of age

A

patella, or kneecap

83
Q

The___ is on the medial side of the leg and is the only weight-bearing bone of the crural region

A

tibia

84
Q

The___is a slender strut that helps stabilize the ankle; it does not bear any weight.The point of the head is called the___. The distal expansion is the____

A

fibula, apex, lateral malleolus

85
Q
A

anatomy bone markings (4 decks)

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