anatomy skeleton description

Question 1

the __forms the central supporting axis of the body and includes the skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage (ribs and sternum)

Answer 1

axial skeleton

Question 2

the __ is the most complex part of the skeleton. Bones of the ___ have conspicuous foramina (sing. foramen), holes that allow passage for nerves and blood vessels

Answer 2

skull

Question 3

the _____ includes bones of the upper limb and pectoral girdle and bones of the lower limb and pelvic girdle.

Answer 3

appendicular skeleton

Question 4

the ___ of the skull extends from the forehead back to a prominent coronal suture, which crosses the crown of the head and joins the frontal bone to the parietal bones

Answer 4

frontal bone

Question 5

the ___ bones form most of the cranial roof and part of its walls.

Answer 5

right and left parietal

Question 6

each ___bone is bordered by four sutures. The ____ lies between the two parietal bones. the __ is at the anterior margin. the ___ is at the posterior margin. The ____ is at the lateral margin

Answer 6

parietal
sagittal suture
coronal suture
lambdoid suture
squamousal suture

Question 7

the ____ form much of the lower wall and part of the floor of the cranial cavity; you can feel this bone just above and anterior to each ear.

Answer 7

right and left temporal bones

Question 8

the ___part of the temporal houses the middle- and inner-ear cavities.

Answer 8

petrous

Question 9

the ___ forms the rear of the skull (or occiput), and much of its base.

Answer 9

occipital bone

Question 10

The most conspicuous feature of the occipital bone is the___through which the ____passes and to which the _____attaches

Answer 10

foramen magnum
spinal cord
dura mater

Question 11

On either side of the foramen magnum is a smooth knob called the____the skull rests on the vertebral column on these condyles.

Answer 11

occipital condyle

Question 12

The __ has a complex shape, with a thick medial body and outstretched greater and lesser wings.

Answer 12

sphenoid bone

Question 13

the ___ is a saddlelike prominence in the body of the sphenoid

Answer 13

sella turcica

Question 14

the __ has three major portions and is an anterior bone located between the eyes

Answer 14

ethmoid bone

Question 15

The ___is a thin median plate of bone that forms the superior two-thirds of the nasal septum, dividing the nasal cavity into right and left nasal fossae.

Answer 15

perpendicular plate

Question 16

The ___is a horizontal plate that forms the roof of the nasal cavity

Answer 16

cribriform plate

Question 17

The___is a median blade on this plate that forms an attachment point for the dura mate

Answer 17

crista galli

Question 18

The ___are those having no direct contact with the brain or meninges; there are 14 facial bones: 2 maxillae, 2 palatine bones, 2 zygomatic bones, 2 lacrimal bones, 2 nasal bones, 2 inferior nasal conchae, 1 vomer, and 1 mandible

Answer 18

facial bone

Question 19

The___are the largest facial bones; they form the upper jaw and meet at the median intermaxillary suture

Answer 19

maxillae

Question 20

The___are located in the posterior nasal cavity; each has an L shape formed by a horizontal and a perpendicular plate

Answer 20

palatine bones

Question 21

The___ form the angles of the cheeks at the inferolateral margins of the orbits and part of the lateral wall of each orbit; they extend halfway to the ear

Answer 21

zygomatic bones

Question 22

the __ form part of the medial wall of each orbit and are the smallest bones of the skull—about the size of the little fingernail.

Answer 22

lacrimal bones

Question 23

Two small rectangular ___form the bridge of the nose and support cartilages that shape the nose’s lower portion

Answer 23

nasal bone

Question 24

___ is the largest of the three nasal conchae, is a separate bone. The other conchae are parts of the ethmoid

Answer 24

inferior nasal concha,

Question 25

the __ forms the inferior half of the nasal septum and resembles the blade of a plow.

Answer 25

vomer

Question 26

The ____ of the ethmoid bone support a wall of septal cartilage that forms most of the anterior part of the nasal septum

Answer 26

vomer and perpendicular plate

Question 27

____is the strongest bone of the skull and the only one that can move

Answer 27

mandible

Question 28

Seven bones are closely associated with the skull but not considered part of it: the_____in each middle-ear cavity and the___ beneath the chin.

Answer 28

three auditory ossicles, hyoid bone

Question 29

the ____supports the skull and trunk, allows for their movement, protects the spinal cord, absorbs stresses of walking, running, and lifting. It provides attachment for the limbs, thoracic cage, and postural muscles

Answer 29

vertebral column (spine)

Question 30

The vertebrae are divided into five groups:___cervical vertebrae in the neck, ___thoracic vertebrae in the chest, ____lumbar vertebrae in the lower back, ___sacral vertebrae at the base of the spine, and __tiny coccygeal vertebrae at the very end

Answer 30

7,12,5,5,4

Question 31

The most obvious feature of a vertebra is the___ mass of spongy bone and red bone marrow covered with a thin shell of compact bone; this is the weight-bearing portion of the vertebra

Answer 31

body (centrum)

Question 32

The __collectively form the vertebral canal through which the spinal cord passes.

Answer 32

vertebral foramina

Question 33

___provide attachment points for ligaments, ribs, and spinal muscles

Answer 33

spinous and transverse processes

Question 34

___extends laterally from the point where the 2 pedicle and lamina meet

Answer 34

transverse process

Question 35

When two vertebrae are joined, they exhibit an opening between their pedicles called the

Answer 35

intervertebral foramen

Question 36

_____allows passage of spinal nerves that connect with the spinal cord at regular intervals

Answer 36

foramen

Question 37

Vertebra C1 is called the ___ because it supports the head

Answer 37

atlas

Question 38

Vertebra C2 is called the ___ and it allows the head to swivel from side to side. It has a prominent knob, the dens, or odontoid process, on its anterosuperior side, which projects into the vertebral foramen of the atlas.

Answer 38

axis

Question 39

The __ is the first vertebra that exhibits a spinous process

Answer 39

axis

Question 40

The __are relatively pointed and angle sharply downward. The body is somewhat heart-shaped and more massive than that of the cervical vertebrae but less than the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 40

spinous process

Question 41

The___ is a bony plate that forms the posterior wall of the pelvic girdle. The coccyx usually consists of four (sometimes five) coccygeal vertebrae (Co1 to Co4 or Co5), which fuse by the age of 20 or 30.

Answer 41

sacrum

Question 42

The___ consists of the thoracic vertebrae, sternum, and ribs

Answer 42

thoracic cage

Question 43

The ___ is a bony plate anterior to the heart; it is subdivided into three regions

Answer 43

sternum (breastbone

Question 44

The___ is the broad superior portion. It has a median suprasternal (jugular) notch, which can be felt between the clavicles

Answer 44

manubrium

Question 45

At the inferior end of the sternum is a small, pointed ___that provides attachment for some abdominal muscles

Answer 45

xyphoid process

Question 46

There are ___, with no difference in number between the sexes. Each rib is attached at its posterior (proximal) end to the vertebral column

Answer 46

12 pairs of ribs

Question 47

the ___supports the arm; it consists of two bones, the clavicle (collarbone) and scapula (shoulder blade)

Answer 47

pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle)

Question 48

The medial end of the ___ articulates with the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint, and its lateral end articulates with the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint. The ____is slightly S-shaped

Answer 48

clavicle

Question 49

The_____ articulates with the humerus at the glenohumeral joint

Answer 49

scapula

Question 50

The ___extends from shoulder to elbow and contains only the humerus.

Answer 50

brachium, or arm proper,

Question 51

The__extends from elbow to wrist and contains two bones, the radius and ulna; in anatomical position, the radius is lateral to the ulna

Answer 51

antebrachium ( forearm)

Question 52

the___of the humerus has two smooth condyles. The lateral condyle, the capitulum, is shaped somewhat like a wide tire and articulates with the radius

Answer 52

distal end

Question 53

The__called the trochlea, is pulleylike and articulates with the ulna.

Answer 53

medial condyle

Question 54

The__protects the ulnar nerve, which passes close to the surface; this epicondyle is popularly known as the “funny bone.” Just above these epicondyles are the lateral and medial supracondylar ridges, which are attachments for some forearm muscle

Answer 54

medial epicondyle

Question 55

The___ has a distinctive discoidal head at its proximal end

Answer 55

radius

Question 56

The__has a deep, C-shaped trochlear notch at its proximal end; this notch wraps around the trochlea of the humerus.

Answer 56

ulna

Question 57

the ___bones in the proximal row, starting at the lateral (thumb) side, are the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform

Answer 57

carpal bone

Question 58

The___is a sesamoid bone that is not present at birth but develops around age 9 to 12 in the tendon of the flexor carpiulnaris muscle.

Answer 58

pisiform

Question 59

The bones of the distal row, also starting on the lateral side, are the___

Answer 59

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

Question 60

The___can be recognized by a prominent hook called the hamulus on the palmar side

Answer 60

hamate

Question 61

___are the bones of the palm

Answer 61

matacarpals

Question 62

____is proximal to the base of the thumb, and metacarpal V is proximal to the base of the little finger

Answer 62

Metacarpal I

Question 63

The proximal end of a metacarpal bone is called the ___, the shaft is called the ___, and the distal end is called the ___; the heads form knuckles when you clench your fist

Answer 63

base, body, head

Question 64

___ are the bones of the fingers; the singular is phalanx

Answer 64

Phalanges

Question 65

___phalanges are found in the pollex (thumb) and ___in each of the other digits

Answer 65

2,3

Question 66

The iliac crest is the___

Answer 66

superior crest of the hip

Question 67

The acetabulum is the___

Answer 67

hip socket

Question 68

The___is a large round-to-triangular hole below the acetabulum, closed by a ligament called the obturator membrane

Answer 68

obturator foramen

Question 69

The adult hip bone is formed by the fusion of three childhood bones:

Answer 69

the ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 70

The__the largest bone, extends from the iliac crest to the center of the acetabulum

Answer 70

ilium

Question 71

The ____extends from an anterior point or angle, the anterior superior spine, to a sharp posterior angle, the posterior superior spine

Answer 71

iliac crest

Question 72

The ___form visible protrusions in a lean person. The ___are sometimes marked by dimples above the buttocks

Answer 72

anterior superior spines posterior superior spines

Question 73

The___is the inferoposterior portion of the hip bone

Answer 73

ischium

Question 74

The___is the most anterior portion of the hip bone and has a superior and inferior ramus and a triangular body

Answer 74

pubis (pubic bone)

Question 75

The___is sexually dimorphic, and the sex of skeletal remains can be identified largely from the anatomy of the___

Answer 75

pelvis

Question 76

The___extend from hip to knee and contains the femur

Answer 76

femoral region

Question 77

The__ is a sesamoid bone at the junction of the femoral and crural regions

Answer 77

patella (kneecap

Question 78

The___or ankle, is the union of the crural region with the foot.

Answer 78

tarsal region (tarsus)

Question 79

The ___region, or leg proper, extends from knee to ankle and contains two bones, the medial tibia and lateral fibula

Answer 79

crural

Question 80

The ____region (pes), or foot, is composed of the 7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsals, and 14 phalanges in the toes.

Answer 80

pedal

Question 81

The___is the longest and strongest bone of the body, with a hemispherical head that articulates with the acetabulum in a ball-and-socket joint

Answer 81

femur

Question 82

the __is a large sesamoid bone; it is cartilaginous at birth and ossifies at 3 to 6 years of age

Answer 82

patella, or kneecap

Question 83

The___ is on the medial side of the leg and is the only weight-bearing bone of the crural region

Answer 83

tibia

Question 84

The___is a slender strut that helps stabilize the ankle; it does not bear any weight.The point of the head is called the___. The distal expansion is the____

Answer 84

fibula, apex, lateral malleolus