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Anatomy Semester One Flashcards

1
Q

Subdivisions of anatomy ?

A

Gross anatomy , microscopic anatomy , pathological anatomy ( pathology) , embryology , developmental anatomy , surface anatomy , surface anatomy , radiographic anatomy , clinical anatomy

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2
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Naked eye detected anatomy

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3
Q

Pathological anatomy

A

Structural changes in body caused by disease

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4
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Study of shapes and markings on body . Used to detect blood vessels for placing catheters , feeling for pulse , and drawing blood

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5
Q

Radiological anatomy

A

Study of internal body using X rat and other methods.

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6
Q

Clinical anatomy

A

Practical usage of anatomy to solve clinical med problems

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7
Q

Skin - superficial fascia - deep fascia

A

Muscles - skeleton and cavities - viscera

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8
Q

Tissue types ?

A

Epithelial tissue , connective tissue , muscular tissue , nervous tissue

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9
Q

Systems in the human body ?

A

Integumentary , skeletal , muscular , cardiovascular , respiratory , immune ,digestive, urinary , reproductive , nervous,endocrine

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10
Q

Structural organisation in human body ?

A

Chemical - cellular - tissue-organ - system - organism

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11
Q

Anatomical position description?

A

Subject stands erect, eyes forward , feet together , arms straight and by the sides , palms facing forwards.

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12
Q

Terms of position

A

10

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13
Q

Cephalic

A

Superior , towards the head

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14
Q

Caudal

A

Inferior , away from the head

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15
Q

Posterior ( dorsal)

A

Nearer to back of body

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16
Q

Medial

A

Near the midline of the body

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17
Q

Proximal

A

Near the origin the origin of the limb

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18
Q

Distal

A

Away from origin of said limb

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19
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline of body

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20
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side of the body

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21
Q

Anterior ( ventral)

A

Nearer to the front of the body

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22
Q

Contralateral

A

On the opposite side of the body

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23
Q

Other terms of positions ?

A

Superficial( near the surface of the body )
Deep ( away from the surface of the body )

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24
Q

Terms of movement

A

16

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25
Flexion
Decrease angle between two bones
26
Extension
Increase angle between two bones
27
Abduction
يخطف Move away from the body
28
Adduction
Move towards the body
29
Adduction
Move towards body
30
Circumduction
Combination of four movements ( flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction )
31
Retraction
Move backwards
32
Pronation
Medial rotation of forearm
33
Supination
Lateral rotation of forearm
34
Elevation
Move upwards
35
Depression
Move downwards
36
Opposition
Movement of thumb to touch tops of other digits
37
Reposition
Return of the thumb to its anatomical position
38
Eversion
Movement of the foot to face the sole laterally
39
Inversion
Movement of foot to face the foot medially
40
Depression
Move downwards
41
Anatomical planes
Median (mid sagittal) Paramedian ( para - sagittal) Coronal ( frontal ) Transverse ( horizontal)
42
Mid sagittal( median)
Divides body into left and right equal halves
43
Para sagittal ( para median)
Divides body into right & left
44
Coronal ( frontal)
Divides body into anterior &posterior parts
45
Tranverse ( horizontal)
Divides body into superior &inferior parts
46
Two types of body cavities?
Vertebral and cranial
47
Skin properties?
Largest organ of the body in weight . Weighs 4:5 kilograms. 7% of body weight in the average adult
48
Skin functions
Protection of deep structures Regulation of body temperature Secretion through sweat and sebaceous glands Sensation Synthesis of vitamin D
49
Epidermis & dermis differences
Dermis is deep and thick , epidermis is superficial and thin Epidermis is avascular , dermis is vascular Epidermis is ectodermal , dermis is mesodermal
50
Epidermis is avascular , so no bleeding occurs if scratched
Dermis is vascular so bleeding occurs if scratched
51
Skin appendages ?
Hair and hair follicles : absent in palms, soles , and lips Sweat glands : absent in nipples and parts of external genitalia Sebaceous (oil) glands :absent in the palm and sole Nail: hard plates of tightly packed dead epidermal cells
52
Superficial fascia functions ?
Connects skin to deep fascia Conducts vessels and nerves Prevents heat loss due to fat content Gives body its round contours
53
Superfiscial fascia are absent in
Eyelids and auricle Penis and scrotum
54
Deep fascia is
A membranous layer of connective tissue that invests the mucles and other deep structures
55
Deep fascia is absent in ?
Anterior abdominal wall Face
56
Three different types of deep fascia ?
Aponeurosis (for protection) Sheathes ( around neurovascular structures) Retinacula in the region of the joints , it is thickened to form retinacula . ( hold tendons in position)
57
Other types of deep fascia ?
Intermuscular septa
58
Intermuscular septa
Extend between groups of muscles that divide limbs into compartments
59
Classification of bones according to position?
Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton
60
Axial skeleton ?
Skull Vertebral column (7 cervical , 12 thoracic ,5 lumbar vertebrae, 1sacrum , and one coccyx ) Thoracic cage ( sternum , 12 pairs of ribs , and 12 thoracic vertebrae )
61
Appendicular skeleton
Bones of upper limb Bones of lower limbs
62
Classification of bones according to structure
Compact bones and spongy bones
63
Compact bones : at the surface of all bones
Spongy bone : found in the interior of bones protected by compact bone from the outside
64
Spongy bone of the skull is called ?
Diploe
65
Classification of bones according to shape :
Long bones , short bones, flat bones , irregular bones , pneumatic bones , sutural bones .

Anatomy (4 decks)

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