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Anatomy > Anatomy Semester One > Flashcards

Anatomy Semester One Flashcards

1
Q

Subdivisions of anatomy ?

A

Gross anatomy , microscopic anatomy , pathological anatomy ( pathology) , embryology , developmental anatomy , surface anatomy , surface anatomy , radiographic anatomy , clinical anatomy

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2
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Naked eye detected anatomy

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3
Q

Pathological anatomy

A

Structural changes in body caused by disease

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4
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Study of shapes and markings on body . Used to detect blood vessels for placing catheters , feeling for pulse , and drawing blood

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5
Q

Radiological anatomy

A

Study of internal body using X rat and other methods.

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6
Q

Clinical anatomy

A

Practical usage of anatomy to solve clinical med problems

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7
Q

Skin - superficial fascia - deep fascia

A

Muscles - skeleton and cavities - viscera

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8
Q

Tissue types ?

A

Epithelial tissue , connective tissue , muscular tissue , nervous tissue

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9
Q

Systems in the human body ?

A

Integumentary , skeletal , muscular , cardiovascular , respiratory , immune ,digestive, urinary , reproductive , nervous,endocrine

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10
Q

Structural organisation in human body ?

A

Chemical - cellular - tissue-organ - system - organism

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11
Q

Anatomical position description?

A

Subject stands erect, eyes forward , feet together , arms straight and by the sides , palms facing forwards.

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12
Q

Terms of position

A

10

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13
Q

Cephalic

A

Superior , towards the head

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14
Q

Caudal

A

Inferior , away from the head

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15
Q

Posterior ( dorsal)

A

Nearer to back of body

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16
Q

Medial

A

Near the midline of the body

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17
Q

Proximal

A

Near the origin the origin of the limb

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18
Q

Distal

A

Away from origin of said limb

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19
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline of body

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20
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side of the body

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21
Q

Anterior ( ventral)

A

Nearer to the front of the body

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22
Q

Contralateral

A

On the opposite side of the body

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23
Q

Other terms of positions ?

A

Superficial( near the surface of the body )
Deep ( away from the surface of the body )

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24
Q

Terms of movement

A

16

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25
Q

Flexion

A

Decrease angle between two bones

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26
Q

Extension

A

Increase angle between two bones

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27
Q

Abduction

A

يخطف
Move away from the body

28
Q

Adduction

A

Move towards the body

29
Q

Adduction

A

Move towards body

30
Q

Circumduction

A

Combination of four movements ( flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction )

31
Q

Retraction

A

Move backwards

32
Q

Pronation

A

Medial rotation of forearm

33
Q

Supination

A

Lateral rotation of forearm

34
Q

Elevation

A

Move upwards

35
Q

Depression

A

Move downwards

36
Q

Opposition

A

Movement of thumb to touch tops of other digits

37
Q

Reposition

A

Return of the thumb to its anatomical position

38
Q

Eversion

A

Movement of the foot to face the sole laterally

39
Q

Inversion

A

Movement of foot to face the foot medially

40
Q

Depression

A

Move downwards

41
Q

Anatomical planes

A

Median (mid sagittal)
Paramedian ( para - sagittal)
Coronal ( frontal )
Transverse ( horizontal)

42
Q

Mid sagittal( median)

A

Divides body into left and right equal halves

43
Q

Para sagittal ( para median)

A

Divides body into right & left

44
Q

Coronal ( frontal)

A

Divides body into anterior &posterior parts

45
Q

Tranverse ( horizontal)

A

Divides body into superior &inferior parts

46
Q

Two types of body cavities?

A

Vertebral and cranial

47
Q

Skin properties?

A

Largest organ of the body in weight . Weighs 4:5 kilograms.
7% of body weight in the average adult

48
Q

Skin functions

A

Protection of deep structures
Regulation of body temperature
Secretion through sweat and sebaceous glands
Sensation
Synthesis of vitamin D

49
Q

Epidermis & dermis differences

A

Dermis is deep and thick , epidermis is superficial and thin
Epidermis is avascular , dermis is vascular
Epidermis is ectodermal , dermis is mesodermal

50
Q

Epidermis is avascular , so no bleeding occurs if scratched

A

Dermis is vascular so bleeding occurs if scratched

51
Q

Skin appendages ?

A

Hair and hair follicles : absent in palms, soles , and lips
Sweat glands : absent in nipples and parts of external genitalia
Sebaceous (oil) glands :absent in the palm and sole
Nail: hard plates of tightly packed dead epidermal cells

52
Q

Superficial fascia functions ?

A

Connects skin to deep fascia
Conducts vessels and nerves
Prevents heat loss due to fat content
Gives body its round contours

53
Q

Superfiscial fascia are absent in

A

Eyelids and auricle
Penis and scrotum

54
Q

Deep fascia is

A

A membranous layer of connective tissue that invests the mucles and other deep structures

55
Q

Deep fascia is absent in ?

A

Anterior abdominal wall
Face

56
Q

Three different types of deep fascia ?

A

Aponeurosis (for protection)
Sheathes ( around neurovascular structures)
Retinacula in the region of the joints , it is thickened to form retinacula .
( hold tendons in position)

57
Q

Other types of deep fascia ?

A

Intermuscular septa

58
Q

Intermuscular septa

A

Extend between groups of muscles that divide limbs into compartments

59
Q

Classification of bones according to position?

A

Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton

60
Q

Axial skeleton ?

A

Skull
Vertebral column (7 cervical , 12 thoracic ,5 lumbar vertebrae, 1sacrum , and one coccyx )
Thoracic cage ( sternum , 12 pairs of ribs , and 12 thoracic vertebrae )

61
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Bones of upper limb
Bones of lower limbs

62
Q

Classification of bones according to structure

A

Compact bones and spongy bones

63
Q

Compact bones : at the surface of all bones

A

Spongy bone : found in the interior of bones protected by compact bone from the outside

64
Q

Spongy bone of the skull is called ?

A

Diploe

65
Q

Classification of bones according to shape :

A

Long bones , short bones, flat bones , irregular bones , pneumatic bones , sutural bones .

Anatomy (4 decks)

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