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Anatomy Revision > Anatomy Revision > Flashcards

Anatomy Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Liver’s Blood Supply?

A

Hepatic Artery

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2
Q

What is the Pancreas Blood Supply?

A

Splenic Artery

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3
Q

What is the Anterior Wall of Inguinal Canal?

A

External Oblique Aponeurosis

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4
Q

What is the Posterior Wall of Inguinal Canal?

A

Transversalis Fascia

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5
Q

What is the Floor of the Inguinal Canal?

A

Inguinal Ligament

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6
Q

What is present in inguinal canal of females?

A

Round ligament of uterus

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7
Q

Which nerve is present in inguinal canal?

A

Illii-Inguinal Nerve

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8
Q

The arterial supply to the gallbladder is via?

A

Cystic Artery

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9
Q

The cystic artery is a branch of?

A

Right Hepatic Artery

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10
Q

Venous Drainage of the neck of the gallbladder is via?

A

Cystic Veins

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11
Q

Where does Cystic vein drain into?

A

Portal Vein

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12
Q

Vagus nerve delivers what type of innervation?

A

Parasympathetic

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13
Q

The coeliac plexus carries what type of fibres?

A

Sympathetic and Sensory

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14
Q

Lymph from the gallbladder drains into?

A

Cystic lymph Nodes

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15
Q

Sympathetic supply to the Stomach is via?

A

T6-9

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16
Q

Sympathetic supply to the stomach is via which nerves?

A

Greater Splanchic Nerve

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17
Q

Lymph from stomach drains where?

A

Into Gastric and Gastro-Omental Lymph Nodes

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18
Q

The Oesophagus originates where?

A

C6

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19
Q

The oesophagus extends to?

A

T11

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20
Q

Thoracic part of the oesophagus is vasculated by?

A

Inferior Thyroid Artery

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21
Q

Abdominal part of the oesophagus is vasculated by?

A

Left Gastric Artery

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22
Q

The Oesophagus is innervated by?

A

Oesophageal Plexus

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23
Q

The superior third of the oesophagus is drained by?

A

Deep Cervical Lymph

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24
Q

The middle third of the oesophagus is drained by?

A

Superior/Posterior Mediastinal Nodes

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25
Q

The lower third of oesophagus is drained by?

A

Left Gastric and Celiac Nodes

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26
Q

The Jejunum and Ileum Peritonisation

A

Intraperitoneal

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27
Q

The Jejunum begins where?

A

Duodenojejunal Flexure

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28
Q

The Gastroduodenal Artery supplies?

A

Duodenum

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29
Q

The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of?

A

Common Hepatic Artery

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30
Q

Where do the Superior and Inferior Mesenteric veins ultimately empty into?

A

Hepatic Portal Vein

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31
Q

How is the caecum peritonised?

A

Intraperitoneal

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32
Q

what is the caecum arterial supply?

A

ileocolic artery

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33
Q

The ileocolic artery is a branch of which artery?

A

superior mesenteric artery

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34
Q

The splenic vein combines with what to make a hepatic portal vein?

A

Superior Mesenteric Vein

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35
Q

The pancreas is supplied by the pancreatic branches of which artery?

A

Splenic

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36
Q

The head of the pancreas is vasculature supplied by?

A

superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

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37
Q

Which muscle forms posterior wall of inguinal canal?

A

Transversals Fascia

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38
Q

Which artery lies immediately medial to the deep inguinal ring?

A

Inferior Epigartic

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39
Q

A 45 year old male develops an inguinal when lifting a heavy weight and needs to undergo surgery. During surgery a small knuckle of intra abdominal contents is found projecting from the anterior abdominal wall superior to the inguinal ligament and medial to the inferior epigastric artery

A

Direct inguinal hernia

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40
Q

An obstetrician decides to do a Caesarean section on a 25-year-old pregnant woman. A transverse suprapubic incision is chosen for that purpose. All of the following abdominal wall layers will be encountered during the incision EXCEPT the:

A

Posterior rectus sheath

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41
Q

The inferior border of the rectus sheath posteriorly is called the:

A

Arcuate Line

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42
Q

Posteriorly the greater momentum is attached to?

A

Transverse Colon

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43
Q

The Transpyloric plane is where?

A

L1

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44
Q

The Superior Mesenteric Artery originates where?

A

L1

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45
Q

Inferior Vena Cava forms where?

A

L5

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46
Q

Celiac Artery forms where?

A

T12

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47
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Artery forms where?

A

L3

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48
Q

Renal arteries form where?

A

L1

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49
Q

Nerve supply to GI. is through?

A

Greater Splanchic Nerve

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50
Q

IVC pierces diaphragm where?

A

T8

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51
Q

Oesophagus, Vagus Nerve, Left Gastric Vein and Artery pierce diaphragm where?

A

T10

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52
Q

Liver surface markings?

A

7-11

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53
Q

Where does the central vein drain to?

A

IVC

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54
Q

What is included in the Portal Triad?

A

Portal Venule, Hepatic Artery and Bile Duct

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55
Q

Peyer’s patches are present where histologically?

A

Ileum

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56
Q

Brunner’s Glands are present where histologically?

A

Duodenum

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57
Q

The umbilicus is at what vertebral level?

A

L3

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58
Q

Above umbilicus is what lymphatic drainage?

A

Axillary

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59
Q

Below umbilicus is what lymphatic drainage?

A

Superficial

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60
Q

Inguinal Ligament Superiolaterally origination?

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

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61
Q

Inguinal Ligament inferomedially origination?

A

Pubic Tubercle

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62
Q

Inguinal ligament aponeurosis formed from?

A

External Oblique

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63
Q

Which nerve in inguinal canal?

A

Ilioinguinal Nerve

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64
Q

What peritoneum lines organs?

A

Visceral

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65
Q

Posterior layer of rectus sheath is?

A

Arcuate line

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66
Q

Pancreas/Duodenum are drained by?

A

Pancreaticoduodenal Vein

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67
Q

Opening in duodenum to pancreas is?

A

Ampulla of vater

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68
Q

Which sphincter controls ampulla of vater?

A

sphincter of oddi

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69
Q

Which vein is formed posterior to neck of pancreas?

A

Hepatic Portal

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70
Q

Which vessels are present in Calot’s Triangle?

A

Cystic Duct
Common Hepatic Duct
Cystic Artery

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71
Q

Lymphatic drainage of rectum is?

A

Internal Iliac lymph nodes

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72
Q

Gallbladder surface marking?

A

9th costal cartilage

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73
Q

Gallbladder arterial supply?

A

Common hepatic artery

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74
Q

Which pterygoid plate always goes towards TMJ?

A

Lateral

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75
Q

Foregut pain is referred to?

A

Epigastric

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76
Q

Midgut pain is referred to?

A

Umbilical

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77
Q

Brachial nerve plexus roots?

A

C5-T1

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78
Q

Cervical Plexus nerve roots?

A

C1-4

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79
Q

The Lumbar plexus is formed within?

A

Psoas major

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80
Q

What are the ear ossicles?

A

Malleus, Incus and Stapes

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81
Q

Type of joint at Zygomatic Arch?

A

Fibrous Suture

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82
Q

Anterior Innervation of Scalp?

A

Trigeminal Nerve

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83
Q

Posterior Innervation of Scalp?

A

C2 and C3

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84
Q

Superficial temporal artery is a branch of?

A

External Carotid Artery

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85
Q

What nerve provides sensation to face?

A

Trigeminal Nerve

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86
Q

Facial artery is a branch of?

A

External Carotid Artery

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87
Q

Which vein drains scalp and face?

A

external jugular vein

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88
Q

which vein does the external jugular vein drain into?

A

subclavian vein

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89
Q

Which vein passes into parotid gland?

A

Retromandibular vein

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90
Q

What provides parasympathetic innervation to parotid gland?

A

glossopharyngeal

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91
Q

Type of joint between C1 and C2 at odontoid peg?

A

Synovial Pivot

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92
Q

Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius innervated by?

A

accessory nerve

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93
Q

Which vein is part of the carotid triangle?

A

internal jugular vein

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94
Q

which nerve supplies diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerve

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95
Q

The inferior thyroid artery arises from?

A

subclavian artery

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96
Q

The superior thyroid artery arises from?

A

external carotid artery

97
Q

Thyroid veins drain into?

A

Internal Jugular veins

98
Q

Inferior thyroid veins drains into?

A

brachiocephalic vein

99
Q

Superior laryngeal vein drains into?

A

Superior thyroid vein

100
Q

Internal jugular vein drains into?

A

SVC

101
Q

Right brachiocephalic vein drains into?

A

SVC

102
Q

Which two bones form nasal septum?

A

Vomer bone

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

103
Q

What passes through cribriform plate?

A

Crista Galli

104
Q

What attaches to Crista Galli?

A

Falx Cerebri

105
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates paranasal air sinus?

A

Olfactory

106
Q

What bone are the superior and middle conchae parts of?

A

Ethmoid Bone

107
Q

Posterior ethmoid air cells opens into

A

Superior Meatus

108
Q

What is the name given to the space above the superior concha

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

109
Q

Which bones form roof of nasopharynx?

A

Sphenoid and basilar occipital bone

110
Q

Sphenoid air sinus innervated by

A

posterior ethmoidal nerve

111
Q

Maxillary sinus innervated by

A

superior alveolar nerve

112
Q

Frontal air sinus innervated by:

A

Supraorbital nerve

113
Q

Name the air sinus whose floor is often indented by tooth sockets

A

Maxillary Sinus

114
Q

Nasolacrimal duct opens into

A

Inferior Meatus

115
Q

Posterior ethmoid air cells opens into

A

Superior Meatus

116
Q

What type of a joint is the Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A

Bilateral Synovial Hinge

117
Q

Temporalis action on mandible with ant fibres contraction:

A

Elevation

118
Q

To which part of the mandible does the medial pterygoid muscle attach?

A

Medial surface of ramus of mandible

119
Q

Which nerve innervates muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve

120
Q

which nerve innervates muscles of mastification?

A

Trigeminal nerve

121
Q

Where do pelvic splanchnic nerves originate?

A

S2-4

122
Q

Pelvic Splanchic nerves are what type of supply?

A

Parasympathetic

123
Q

Kyphosis takes place where?

A

Thoracic Spine

124
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges from just above the superior cerebellar artery?

A

Oculomotor Nerve

125
Q

Branches from which arteries fuse to form the anterior spinal artery?

A

Vertebral Arteries

126
Q

To what bony structures does the falx cerebri attach anteriorly?

A

Crista Galli

127
Q

Which dural venous sinus runs within the upper border of the falx cerebri?

A

Inferior Sagittal Sinus

128
Q

Which dural venous sinus runs along the lower border of the falx cerebri?

A

Superior Sagittal Sinus

129
Q

What structures lie on either side of the tentorium cerebelli inferiorly?

A

Cerebellum

130
Q

To what bony points does the anterior edge of the tentorium cerebelli attach to?

A

Clinoid processes of Sphenoid bone

131
Q

Which dural venous sinus runs along the attachment of the falx cerebri to the tentorium?

A

Straight sinus

132
Q

What is the dural fold that separates the two cerebellar hemispheres called?

A

Falx cerebelli

133
Q

What is the fold of dura that surrounds the pituitary stalk called?

A

Diaphragma Sella

134
Q

What is a specific branch of the maxillary artery that supplies dura mater?

A

Middle meningeal artery

135
Q

The visceral pericardium receives innervation from?

A

T1-4 and Vagus

136
Q

Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles. Name 3

A

Psoas Major
Iliacus
Quadratus Lumborum

137
Q

Oesophagus drains via?

A

Celiac Lymph Nodes

138
Q

Ampulla of vater in duodenum is controlled by?

A

Sphincter of Oddi

139
Q

Rectum lymph drained to?

A

Internal Iliac lymph Nodes

140
Q

Ligamentum Teres is a remnant of?

A

Foetal Umbilica Vein

141
Q

Where does bile enter the gut tube?

A

Major Duodenal Papilla (Sphincter of Oddi)

142
Q

Calot’s Triangle is formed by?

A

Cystic Duct, Common Hepatic duct and Inferior Surface of Liver

143
Q

Which vein is formed posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

A

Hepatic portal vein

144
Q

Pancreas blood supply?

A

Coeliac Trunk and Superior Mesenteric Artery

145
Q

Lymph drainage of pancreas?

A

Preaortic at T12 and L1

146
Q

Where is the Liver formed?

A

Ventral Mesentery

147
Q

Which part of the liver is in contact with diaphragm?

A

bare area of liver

148
Q

Which vein joins splenic vein at liver?

A

Inferior Mesenteric Vein

149
Q

Which cell is present in stomach?

A

Parietal cell

150
Q

Mastoid Process is part of what bone?

A

Temporal

151
Q

The inferior alveolar nerve is a branch of which nerve?

A

Mandibular of trigeminal

152
Q

The mandibular division of trigeminal emerges from cranial cavity through which foramen?

A

Foramen Ovale

153
Q

The hard palate is made up of what bones?

A

Maxilla and Palatine

154
Q

Soft palate nerve supply?

A

Trigeminal

155
Q

what sulcus divides the tongue?

A

terminal sulcus

156
Q

The foramen caecum on the tongue is the embryological significance of this foramen?

A

remnant of proximal embryonic thryoglossal duct

157
Q

Which fold of mucous membranes that fixes tongue to floor of mouth?

A

Lingual Frenulum

158
Q

What provides sensation to tongue?

A

Lingual nerve

159
Q

Which muscle attaching to the tongue in NOT innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Palatoglossus via Vagus

160
Q

Which muscle seperates superficial and deep submandibular gland?

A

Mylohyoid Muscle

161
Q

Parotid Gland nerve supply is from?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

162
Q

Branches of which 2 cranial nerves form the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Glossopharyngeal and Vagus

163
Q

What is the name given to:

1. The watery fluid in the anterior segment?

A

Aqueous Humour

164
Q

What is the name given to:

  1. The gel in the posterior segment?
A

Vitreous Humour

165
Q

What does the Ciliaris Eye muscle do?

A

Accommodation

166
Q

what is the elevator of eyelid?

A

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

167
Q

Which foramina in the orbit do the ophthalmic veins pass through to enter into the cavernous venous sinus in the cranial cavity

A

Superior Orbital fissure

168
Q

Which ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane?

A

Malleus

169
Q

Which ossicle is in contact with the oval window?

A

Stapes

170
Q

What is the fluid that lies within the bony labyrinth of ear?

A

Perilymph

171
Q

Through which foramen does the facial nerve exit the posterior cranial fossa in internal acoustic meatus?

A

Internal acoustic meatus in the posterior cranial fossa

172
Q

What other cranial nerve exits via internal acoustic meatus in posterior cranial fossa?

A

Vestibulochlear

173
Q

What does facial nerve give off in middle ear?

A

Chorda Tympani

174
Q

The cribriform plate is part of which bone?

A

ethmoid bone

175
Q

Which bone forms the posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Sphenoid

176
Q

identify grooves that run laterally on both sides starting from the internal occipital protuberance. What are these grooves for?

A

Intracranial venous sinus - transverse sinus

177
Q

Into which foramen does groove for sigmoid sinus lead?

A

Jugular foramen

178
Q

The sella Turcica is in which fossa?

A

Middle

179
Q

In the body of which cranial bony is sella turcica found?

A

sphenoid bone

180
Q

The anterior and posterior clinoid processes on either side of sella turcica give attachment to?

A

Tentorium Cerebelli

181
Q

On either side of the sella turcica is a groove for the

A

Cavernous Sinus

182
Q

Which foramen lies immediately anterior to the groove for the cavernous sinus?

A

Superior orbital fissure

183
Q

which muscles do medial pterygoid plate attach to?

A

superior constrictor

184
Q

which muscles do lateral pterygoid plate attach to?

A

pterygoid muscles

185
Q

At what age do the following fontanelles fuse? Anterior

A

18-24 months

186
Q

At what age do the following fontanelles fuse? Posterior

A

2-3 Months

187
Q

What type of ossification occurs in:

• flat bones of the vault of the skull?

A

intramembranous

188
Q

What type of ossification occurs in:

• irregular bones of the base of the skull?

A

Endochondral

189
Q

Which of these cranial nerves that emerge from the pontomedullary junction has the longest intracranial course?

A

Abducens

190
Q

Inferior olives of brainstem involved in?

A

control of movement

191
Q

superior olives of brainstem involved in?

A

auditory

192
Q

What consists of descending tracts in brainstem?

A

Pyramids in corticospinal tract

193
Q

• The decussation of the pyramids forms

A

lateral corticospinal tract of spinal cord

194
Q

• What structure does the “open” part of the medulla open onto?

A

4th ventricle

195
Q

• The middle cerebellar peduncle (what is it made up of?

A

Centripital Fibres

196
Q

What part of the brain lies:

• immediately superior to the midbrain?

A

diencephalon

197
Q

What is the name given to the midline structure connecting the two cerebellar hemispheres?

A

vermis

198
Q

Name the three lobes of each cerebellar hemisphere.

A

Anterior Lobe, Posterior Lobe and Flocculonodular Lobe

199
Q

What is the name of the ventricular space that lies immediately anterior to the cerebellum?

A

4th ventricle

200
Q

which fossa is cerebellum in contact with?

A

posterior cranial fossa

201
Q

What name is given to the large fissure separating the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal fissure

202
Q

Type of fibres in corpus callosum?

A

Commissural

203
Q

The primary sensory cortex is part of which lobe?

A

Occipital

204
Q

The primary auditory cortex is part of which lobe?

A

Temporal

205
Q

The primary visual cortex is part of which lobe?

A

parietal

206
Q

what ligaments might be encountered in laminectomy?

A

ligamentum flavus

207
Q

What vertebral level does spinal cord terminate in newborn?

A

L3

208
Q

At what vertebral level does dura matter terminate?

A

S2

209
Q

What happens to the pia mater inferior to the spinal cord?

A

Filum terminale

210
Q

At what vertebral level would you perform a lumbar puncture on an adult?

A

L3/4

211
Q

From which arteries do the left & right vertebral arteries arise?

A

L+R Subclavian

212
Q

At what vertebral level do the left & right internal carotid arteries arise?

A

L4

213
Q

Which arteries complete the posterior of the Circle of Willis by linking the internal carotid arteries to the posterior cerebral arteries?

A

Posterior communicating arteries

214
Q

Middle cerebral artery lies in which fissure?

A

Lateral Sylvian fissure

215
Q

Anterior cerebral artery lies in which fissure?

A

Longitudinal fissure

216
Q

Which artery supplies Primary Motor Cortex, Primary Sensory Cortex?

A

ACA

217
Q

Which artery supplies primary sensory area, primary auditory area and olfaction area?

A

MCA

218
Q

• The cerebral peduncles - what kind of fibres make up the cerebral peduncles

A

Motor

219
Q

Into which vein in the neck do these dural venous sinuses drain into?

A

Internal Jugular vein

220
Q

Through which foramen in skull does internal jugular vein pass?

A

Jugular Foramen

221
Q

Where does the superior ophthalmic vein drain into?

A

Cavernous Sinus

222
Q

Where does middle cerebral vein drain into?

A

Cavernous sinus

223
Q

What name is given to the specialised structures that lie in the ventricles that generate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

A

Choroid Plexus

224
Q

Arachnoid villi project into?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

225
Q

What makes the indentations on either side of groove for superior sagital sinus?

A

Arachnoid Granulations

226
Q

The Septum Pellucidum lies where in comparison to fornix?

A

Inferior

227
Q

Which cerebral artery through one of its branches supplies the internal capsule?

A

Middle cerebral artery

228
Q

• Identify the part of the midbrain called as the cerebral peduncles. What fibres does it contain?

A

Corticopontine

229
Q

Which cranial nerve(s) are attached directly to the midbrain?

A

Oculomotor

230
Q
  1. Which is the only cranial nerve to arise from the posterior aspect of the brain?
A

Trochlear

231
Q
  1. Which cranial nerve(s) are attached directly to the pons?
A

Trigeminal

232
Q
  1. Which cranial nerve can be tested by touch over the surface of the cheek?
A

Trigeminal

233
Q

Which parts of phrenic nerve supply innervation to diaphragm?

A

C3-5

234
Q

The portal triad is made up of?

A

Portal Venule, Hepatic Artery, Bile Duct

235
Q

Calot’s Triangle is made up of?

A

Cystic Duct, Common Hepatic duct and Cystic Artery

236
Q

Trachea bifurcation

A

T4/5

237
Q

Mandibular division of trigeminal emerges through?

A

Foramen Ovale

238
Q

The inferior alveolar nerve is?

A

Sensory

Anatomy Revision (4 decks)

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