Anatomy Revision Flashcards
What is the Liver’s Blood Supply?
Hepatic Artery
What is the Pancreas Blood Supply?
Splenic Artery
What is the Anterior Wall of Inguinal Canal?
External Oblique Aponeurosis
What is the Posterior Wall of Inguinal Canal?
Transversalis Fascia
What is the Floor of the Inguinal Canal?
Inguinal Ligament
What is present in inguinal canal of females?
Round ligament of uterus
Which nerve is present in inguinal canal?
Illii-Inguinal Nerve
The arterial supply to the gallbladder is via?
Cystic Artery
The cystic artery is a branch of?
Right Hepatic Artery
Venous Drainage of the neck of the gallbladder is via?
Cystic Veins
Where does Cystic vein drain into?
Portal Vein
Vagus nerve delivers what type of innervation?
Parasympathetic
The coeliac plexus carries what type of fibres?
Sympathetic and Sensory
Lymph from the gallbladder drains into?
Cystic lymph Nodes
Sympathetic supply to the Stomach is via?
T6-9
Sympathetic supply to the stomach is via which nerves?
Greater Splanchic Nerve
Lymph from stomach drains where?
Into Gastric and Gastro-Omental Lymph Nodes
The Oesophagus originates where?
C6
The oesophagus extends to?
T11
Thoracic part of the oesophagus is vasculated by?
Inferior Thyroid Artery
Abdominal part of the oesophagus is vasculated by?
Left Gastric Artery
The Oesophagus is innervated by?
Oesophageal Plexus
The superior third of the oesophagus is drained by?
Deep Cervical Lymph
The middle third of the oesophagus is drained by?
Superior/Posterior Mediastinal Nodes
The lower third of oesophagus is drained by?
Left Gastric and Celiac Nodes
The Jejunum and Ileum Peritonisation
Intraperitoneal
The Jejunum begins where?
Duodenojejunal Flexure
The Gastroduodenal Artery supplies?
Duodenum
The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of?
Common Hepatic Artery
Where do the Superior and Inferior Mesenteric veins ultimately empty into?
Hepatic Portal Vein
How is the caecum peritonised?
Intraperitoneal
what is the caecum arterial supply?
ileocolic artery
The ileocolic artery is a branch of which artery?
superior mesenteric artery
The splenic vein combines with what to make a hepatic portal vein?
Superior Mesenteric Vein
The pancreas is supplied by the pancreatic branches of which artery?
Splenic
The head of the pancreas is vasculature supplied by?
superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
Which muscle forms posterior wall of inguinal canal?
Transversals Fascia
Which artery lies immediately medial to the deep inguinal ring?
Inferior Epigartic
A 45 year old male develops an inguinal when lifting a heavy weight and needs to undergo surgery. During surgery a small knuckle of intra abdominal contents is found projecting from the anterior abdominal wall superior to the inguinal ligament and medial to the inferior epigastric artery
Direct inguinal hernia
An obstetrician decides to do a Caesarean section on a 25-year-old pregnant woman. A transverse suprapubic incision is chosen for that purpose. All of the following abdominal wall layers will be encountered during the incision EXCEPT the:
Posterior rectus sheath
The inferior border of the rectus sheath posteriorly is called the:
Arcuate Line
Posteriorly the greater momentum is attached to?
Transverse Colon
The Transpyloric plane is where?
L1
The Superior Mesenteric Artery originates where?
L1
Inferior Vena Cava forms where?
L5
Celiac Artery forms where?
T12
Inferior Mesenteric Artery forms where?
L3
Renal arteries form where?
L1
Nerve supply to GI. is through?
Greater Splanchic Nerve
IVC pierces diaphragm where?
T8
Oesophagus, Vagus Nerve, Left Gastric Vein and Artery pierce diaphragm where?
T10
Liver surface markings?
7-11
Where does the central vein drain to?
IVC
What is included in the Portal Triad?
Portal Venule, Hepatic Artery and Bile Duct
Peyer’s patches are present where histologically?
Ileum
Brunner’s Glands are present where histologically?
Duodenum
The umbilicus is at what vertebral level?
L3
Above umbilicus is what lymphatic drainage?
Axillary
Below umbilicus is what lymphatic drainage?
Superficial
Inguinal Ligament Superiolaterally origination?
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Inguinal Ligament inferomedially origination?
Pubic Tubercle
Inguinal ligament aponeurosis formed from?
External Oblique
Which nerve in inguinal canal?
Ilioinguinal Nerve
What peritoneum lines organs?
Visceral
Posterior layer of rectus sheath is?
Arcuate line
Pancreas/Duodenum are drained by?
Pancreaticoduodenal Vein
Opening in duodenum to pancreas is?
Ampulla of vater
Which sphincter controls ampulla of vater?
sphincter of oddi
Which vein is formed posterior to neck of pancreas?
Hepatic Portal
Which vessels are present in Calot’s Triangle?
Cystic Duct
Common Hepatic Duct
Cystic Artery
Lymphatic drainage of rectum is?
Internal Iliac lymph nodes
Gallbladder surface marking?
9th costal cartilage
Gallbladder arterial supply?
Common hepatic artery
Which pterygoid plate always goes towards TMJ?
Lateral
Foregut pain is referred to?
Epigastric
Midgut pain is referred to?
Umbilical
Brachial nerve plexus roots?
C5-T1
Cervical Plexus nerve roots?
C1-4
The Lumbar plexus is formed within?
Psoas major
What are the ear ossicles?
Malleus, Incus and Stapes
Type of joint at Zygomatic Arch?
Fibrous Suture
Anterior Innervation of Scalp?
Trigeminal Nerve
Posterior Innervation of Scalp?
C2 and C3
Superficial temporal artery is a branch of?
External Carotid Artery
What nerve provides sensation to face?
Trigeminal Nerve
Facial artery is a branch of?
External Carotid Artery
Which vein drains scalp and face?
external jugular vein
which vein does the external jugular vein drain into?
subclavian vein
Which vein passes into parotid gland?
Retromandibular vein
What provides parasympathetic innervation to parotid gland?
glossopharyngeal
Type of joint between C1 and C2 at odontoid peg?
Synovial Pivot
Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius innervated by?
accessory nerve
Which vein is part of the carotid triangle?
internal jugular vein
which nerve supplies diaphragm?
phrenic nerve
The inferior thyroid artery arises from?
subclavian artery
The superior thyroid artery arises from?
external carotid artery
Thyroid veins drain into?
Internal Jugular veins
Inferior thyroid veins drains into?
brachiocephalic vein
Superior laryngeal vein drains into?
Superior thyroid vein
Internal jugular vein drains into?
SVC
Right brachiocephalic vein drains into?
SVC
Which two bones form nasal septum?
Vomer bone
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
What passes through cribriform plate?
Crista Galli
What attaches to Crista Galli?
Falx Cerebri
Which cranial nerve innervates paranasal air sinus?
Olfactory
What bone are the superior and middle conchae parts of?
Ethmoid Bone
Posterior ethmoid air cells opens into
Superior Meatus
What is the name given to the space above the superior concha
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Which bones form roof of nasopharynx?
Sphenoid and basilar occipital bone
Sphenoid air sinus innervated by
posterior ethmoidal nerve
Maxillary sinus innervated by
superior alveolar nerve
Frontal air sinus innervated by:
Supraorbital nerve
Name the air sinus whose floor is often indented by tooth sockets
Maxillary Sinus
Nasolacrimal duct opens into
Inferior Meatus
Posterior ethmoid air cells opens into
Superior Meatus
What type of a joint is the Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
Bilateral Synovial Hinge
Temporalis action on mandible with ant fibres contraction:
Elevation
To which part of the mandible does the medial pterygoid muscle attach?
Medial surface of ramus of mandible
Which nerve innervates muscles of facial expression?
Facial nerve
which nerve innervates muscles of mastification?
Trigeminal nerve
Where do pelvic splanchnic nerves originate?
S2-4
Pelvic Splanchic nerves are what type of supply?
Parasympathetic
Kyphosis takes place where?
Thoracic Spine
Which cranial nerve emerges from just above the superior cerebellar artery?
Oculomotor Nerve
Branches from which arteries fuse to form the anterior spinal artery?
Vertebral Arteries
To what bony structures does the falx cerebri attach anteriorly?
Crista Galli
Which dural venous sinus runs within the upper border of the falx cerebri?
Inferior Sagittal Sinus
Which dural venous sinus runs along the lower border of the falx cerebri?
Superior Sagittal Sinus
What structures lie on either side of the tentorium cerebelli inferiorly?
Cerebellum
To what bony points does the anterior edge of the tentorium cerebelli attach to?
Clinoid processes of Sphenoid bone
Which dural venous sinus runs along the attachment of the falx cerebri to the tentorium?
Straight sinus
What is the dural fold that separates the two cerebellar hemispheres called?
Falx cerebelli
What is the fold of dura that surrounds the pituitary stalk called?
Diaphragma Sella
What is a specific branch of the maxillary artery that supplies dura mater?
Middle meningeal artery
The visceral pericardium receives innervation from?
T1-4 and Vagus
Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles. Name 3
Psoas Major
Iliacus
Quadratus Lumborum
Oesophagus drains via?
Celiac Lymph Nodes
Ampulla of vater in duodenum is controlled by?
Sphincter of Oddi
Rectum lymph drained to?
Internal Iliac lymph Nodes
Ligamentum Teres is a remnant of?
Foetal Umbilica Vein
Where does bile enter the gut tube?
Major Duodenal Papilla (Sphincter of Oddi)
Calot’s Triangle is formed by?
Cystic Duct, Common Hepatic duct and Inferior Surface of Liver
Which vein is formed posterior to the neck of the pancreas?
Hepatic portal vein
Pancreas blood supply?
Coeliac Trunk and Superior Mesenteric Artery
Lymph drainage of pancreas?
Preaortic at T12 and L1
Where is the Liver formed?
Ventral Mesentery
Which part of the liver is in contact with diaphragm?
bare area of liver
Which vein joins splenic vein at liver?
Inferior Mesenteric Vein
Which cell is present in stomach?
Parietal cell
Mastoid Process is part of what bone?
Temporal
The inferior alveolar nerve is a branch of which nerve?
Mandibular of trigeminal
The mandibular division of trigeminal emerges from cranial cavity through which foramen?
Foramen Ovale
The hard palate is made up of what bones?
Maxilla and Palatine
Soft palate nerve supply?
Trigeminal
what sulcus divides the tongue?
terminal sulcus
The foramen caecum on the tongue is the embryological significance of this foramen?
remnant of proximal embryonic thryoglossal duct
Which fold of mucous membranes that fixes tongue to floor of mouth?
Lingual Frenulum
What provides sensation to tongue?
Lingual nerve
Which muscle attaching to the tongue in NOT innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?
Palatoglossus via Vagus
Which muscle seperates superficial and deep submandibular gland?
Mylohyoid Muscle
Parotid Gland nerve supply is from?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Branches of which 2 cranial nerves form the pharyngeal plexus?
Glossopharyngeal and Vagus
What is the name given to:
1. The watery fluid in the anterior segment?
Aqueous Humour
What is the name given to:
- The gel in the posterior segment?
Vitreous Humour
What does the Ciliaris Eye muscle do?
Accommodation
what is the elevator of eyelid?
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Which foramina in the orbit do the ophthalmic veins pass through to enter into the cavernous venous sinus in the cranial cavity
Superior Orbital fissure
Which ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane?
Malleus
Which ossicle is in contact with the oval window?
Stapes
What is the fluid that lies within the bony labyrinth of ear?
Perilymph
Through which foramen does the facial nerve exit the posterior cranial fossa in internal acoustic meatus?
Internal acoustic meatus in the posterior cranial fossa
What other cranial nerve exits via internal acoustic meatus in posterior cranial fossa?
Vestibulochlear
What does facial nerve give off in middle ear?
Chorda Tympani
The cribriform plate is part of which bone?
ethmoid bone
Which bone forms the posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossa?
Sphenoid
identify grooves that run laterally on both sides starting from the internal occipital protuberance. What are these grooves for?
Intracranial venous sinus - transverse sinus
Into which foramen does groove for sigmoid sinus lead?
Jugular foramen
The sella Turcica is in which fossa?
Middle
In the body of which cranial bony is sella turcica found?
sphenoid bone
The anterior and posterior clinoid processes on either side of sella turcica give attachment to?
Tentorium Cerebelli
On either side of the sella turcica is a groove for the
Cavernous Sinus
Which foramen lies immediately anterior to the groove for the cavernous sinus?
Superior orbital fissure
which muscles do medial pterygoid plate attach to?
superior constrictor
which muscles do lateral pterygoid plate attach to?
pterygoid muscles
At what age do the following fontanelles fuse? Anterior
18-24 months
At what age do the following fontanelles fuse? Posterior
2-3 Months
What type of ossification occurs in:
• flat bones of the vault of the skull?
intramembranous
What type of ossification occurs in:
• irregular bones of the base of the skull?
Endochondral
Which of these cranial nerves that emerge from the pontomedullary junction has the longest intracranial course?
Abducens
Inferior olives of brainstem involved in?
control of movement
superior olives of brainstem involved in?
auditory
What consists of descending tracts in brainstem?
Pyramids in corticospinal tract
• The decussation of the pyramids forms
lateral corticospinal tract of spinal cord
• What structure does the “open” part of the medulla open onto?
4th ventricle
• The middle cerebellar peduncle (what is it made up of?
Centripital Fibres
What part of the brain lies:
• immediately superior to the midbrain?
diencephalon
What is the name given to the midline structure connecting the two cerebellar hemispheres?
vermis
Name the three lobes of each cerebellar hemisphere.
Anterior Lobe, Posterior Lobe and Flocculonodular Lobe
What is the name of the ventricular space that lies immediately anterior to the cerebellum?
4th ventricle
which fossa is cerebellum in contact with?
posterior cranial fossa
What name is given to the large fissure separating the two cerebral hemispheres?
Longitudinal fissure
Type of fibres in corpus callosum?
Commissural
The primary sensory cortex is part of which lobe?
Occipital
The primary auditory cortex is part of which lobe?
Temporal
The primary visual cortex is part of which lobe?
parietal
what ligaments might be encountered in laminectomy?
ligamentum flavus
What vertebral level does spinal cord terminate in newborn?
L3
At what vertebral level does dura matter terminate?
S2
What happens to the pia mater inferior to the spinal cord?
Filum terminale
At what vertebral level would you perform a lumbar puncture on an adult?
L3/4
From which arteries do the left & right vertebral arteries arise?
L+R Subclavian
At what vertebral level do the left & right internal carotid arteries arise?
L4
Which arteries complete the posterior of the Circle of Willis by linking the internal carotid arteries to the posterior cerebral arteries?
Posterior communicating arteries
Middle cerebral artery lies in which fissure?
Lateral Sylvian fissure
Anterior cerebral artery lies in which fissure?
Longitudinal fissure
Which artery supplies Primary Motor Cortex, Primary Sensory Cortex?
ACA
Which artery supplies primary sensory area, primary auditory area and olfaction area?
MCA
• The cerebral peduncles - what kind of fibres make up the cerebral peduncles
Motor
Into which vein in the neck do these dural venous sinuses drain into?
Internal Jugular vein
Through which foramen in skull does internal jugular vein pass?
Jugular Foramen
Where does the superior ophthalmic vein drain into?
Cavernous Sinus
Where does middle cerebral vein drain into?
Cavernous sinus
What name is given to the specialised structures that lie in the ventricles that generate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Choroid Plexus
Arachnoid villi project into?
Superior sagittal sinus
What makes the indentations on either side of groove for superior sagital sinus?
Arachnoid Granulations
The Septum Pellucidum lies where in comparison to fornix?
Inferior
Which cerebral artery through one of its branches supplies the internal capsule?
Middle cerebral artery
• Identify the part of the midbrain called as the cerebral peduncles. What fibres does it contain?
Corticopontine
Which cranial nerve(s) are attached directly to the midbrain?
Oculomotor
- Which is the only cranial nerve to arise from the posterior aspect of the brain?
Trochlear
- Which cranial nerve(s) are attached directly to the pons?
Trigeminal
- Which cranial nerve can be tested by touch over the surface of the cheek?
Trigeminal
Which parts of phrenic nerve supply innervation to diaphragm?
C3-5
The portal triad is made up of?
Portal Venule, Hepatic Artery, Bile Duct
Calot’s Triangle is made up of?
Cystic Duct, Common Hepatic duct and Cystic Artery
Trachea bifurcation
T4/5
Mandibular division of trigeminal emerges through?
Foramen Ovale
The inferior alveolar nerve is?
Sensory
