Anatomy Revision Flashcards
1
Q
What is the Liver’s Blood Supply?
A
Hepatic Artery
2
Q
What is the Pancreas Blood Supply?
A
Splenic Artery
3
Q
What is the Anterior Wall of Inguinal Canal?
A
External Oblique Aponeurosis
4
Q
What is the Posterior Wall of Inguinal Canal?
A
Transversalis Fascia
5
Q
What is the Floor of the Inguinal Canal?
A
Inguinal Ligament
6
Q
What is present in inguinal canal of females?
A
Round ligament of uterus
7
Q
Which nerve is present in inguinal canal?
A
Illii-Inguinal Nerve
8
Q
The arterial supply to the gallbladder is via?
A
Cystic Artery
9
Q
The cystic artery is a branch of?
A
Right Hepatic Artery
10
Q
Venous Drainage of the neck of the gallbladder is via?
A
Cystic Veins
11
Q
Where does Cystic vein drain into?
A
Portal Vein
12
Q
Vagus nerve delivers what type of innervation?
A
Parasympathetic
13
Q
The coeliac plexus carries what type of fibres?
A
Sympathetic and Sensory
14
Q
Lymph from the gallbladder drains into?
A
Cystic lymph Nodes
15
Q
Sympathetic supply to the Stomach is via?
A
T6-9
16
Q
Sympathetic supply to the stomach is via which nerves?
A
Greater Splanchic Nerve
17
Q
Lymph from stomach drains where?
A
Into Gastric and Gastro-Omental Lymph Nodes
18
Q
The Oesophagus originates where?
A
C6
19
Q
The oesophagus extends to?
A
T11
20
Q
Thoracic part of the oesophagus is vasculated by?
A
Inferior Thyroid Artery
21
Q
Abdominal part of the oesophagus is vasculated by?
A
Left Gastric Artery
22
Q
The Oesophagus is innervated by?
A
Oesophageal Plexus
23
Q
The superior third of the oesophagus is drained by?
A
Deep Cervical Lymph
24
Q
The middle third of the oesophagus is drained by?
A
Superior/Posterior Mediastinal Nodes
25
The lower third of oesophagus is drained by?
Left Gastric and Celiac Nodes
26
The Jejunum and Ileum Peritonisation
Intraperitoneal
27
The Jejunum begins where?
Duodenojejunal Flexure
28
The Gastroduodenal Artery supplies?
Duodenum
29
The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of?
Common Hepatic Artery
30
Where do the Superior and Inferior Mesenteric veins ultimately empty into?
Hepatic Portal Vein
31
How is the caecum peritonised?
Intraperitoneal
32
what is the caecum arterial supply?
ileocolic artery
33
The ileocolic artery is a branch of which artery?
superior mesenteric artery
34
The splenic vein combines with what to make a hepatic portal vein?
Superior Mesenteric Vein
35
The pancreas is supplied by the pancreatic branches of which artery?
Splenic
36
The head of the pancreas is vasculature supplied by?
superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
37
Which muscle forms posterior wall of inguinal canal?
Transversals Fascia
38
Which artery lies immediately medial to the deep inguinal ring?
Inferior Epigartic
39
A 45 year old male develops an inguinal when lifting a heavy weight and needs to undergo surgery. During surgery a small knuckle of intra abdominal contents is found projecting from the anterior abdominal wall superior to the inguinal ligament and medial to the inferior epigastric artery
Direct inguinal hernia
40
An obstetrician decides to do a Caesarean section on a 25-year-old pregnant woman. A transverse suprapubic incision is chosen for that purpose. All of the following abdominal wall layers will be encountered during the incision EXCEPT the:
Posterior rectus sheath
41
The inferior border of the rectus sheath posteriorly is called the:
Arcuate Line
42
Posteriorly the greater momentum is attached to?
Transverse Colon
43
The Transpyloric plane is where?
L1
44
The Superior Mesenteric Artery originates where?
L1
45
Inferior Vena Cava forms where?
L5
46
Celiac Artery forms where?
T12
47
Inferior Mesenteric Artery forms where?
L3
48
Renal arteries form where?
L1
49
Nerve supply to GI. is through?
Greater Splanchic Nerve
50
IVC pierces diaphragm where?
T8
51
Oesophagus, Vagus Nerve, Left Gastric Vein and Artery pierce diaphragm where?
T10
52
Liver surface markings?
7-11
53
Where does the central vein drain to?
IVC
54
What is included in the Portal Triad?
Portal Venule, Hepatic Artery and Bile Duct
55
Peyer's patches are present where histologically?
Ileum
56
Brunner's Glands are present where histologically?
Duodenum
57
The umbilicus is at what vertebral level?
L3
58
Above umbilicus is what lymphatic drainage?
Axillary
59
Below umbilicus is what lymphatic drainage?
Superficial
60
Inguinal Ligament Superiolaterally origination?
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
61
Inguinal Ligament inferomedially origination?
Pubic Tubercle
62
Inguinal ligament aponeurosis formed from?
External Oblique
63
Which nerve in inguinal canal?
Ilioinguinal Nerve
64
What peritoneum lines organs?
Visceral
65
Posterior layer of rectus sheath is?
Arcuate line
66
Pancreas/Duodenum are drained by?
Pancreaticoduodenal Vein
67
Opening in duodenum to pancreas is?
Ampulla of vater
68
Which sphincter controls ampulla of vater?
sphincter of oddi
69
Which vein is formed posterior to neck of pancreas?
Hepatic Portal
70
Which vessels are present in Calot's Triangle?
Cystic Duct
Common Hepatic Duct
Cystic Artery
71
Lymphatic drainage of rectum is?
Internal Iliac lymph nodes
72
Gallbladder surface marking?
9th costal cartilage
73
Gallbladder arterial supply?
Common hepatic artery
74
Which pterygoid plate always goes towards TMJ?
Lateral
75
Foregut pain is referred to?
Epigastric
76
Midgut pain is referred to?
Umbilical
77
Brachial nerve plexus roots?
C5-T1
78
Cervical Plexus nerve roots?
C1-4
79
The Lumbar plexus is formed within?
Psoas major
80
What are the ear ossicles?
Malleus, Incus and Stapes
81
Type of joint at Zygomatic Arch?
Fibrous Suture
82
Anterior Innervation of Scalp?
Trigeminal Nerve
83
Posterior Innervation of Scalp?
C2 and C3
84
Superficial temporal artery is a branch of?
External Carotid Artery
85
What nerve provides sensation to face?
Trigeminal Nerve
86
Facial artery is a branch of?
External Carotid Artery
87
Which vein drains scalp and face?
external jugular vein
88
which vein does the external jugular vein drain into?
subclavian vein
89
Which vein passes into parotid gland?
Retromandibular vein
90
What provides parasympathetic innervation to parotid gland?
glossopharyngeal
91
Type of joint between C1 and C2 at odontoid peg?
Synovial Pivot
92
Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius innervated by?
accessory nerve
93
Which vein is part of the carotid triangle?
internal jugular vein
94
which nerve supplies diaphragm?
phrenic nerve
95
The inferior thyroid artery arises from?
subclavian artery
96
The superior thyroid artery arises from?
external carotid artery
97
Thyroid veins drain into?
Internal Jugular veins
98
Inferior thyroid veins drains into?
brachiocephalic vein
99
Superior laryngeal vein drains into?
Superior thyroid vein
100
Internal jugular vein drains into?
SVC
101
Right brachiocephalic vein drains into?
SVC
102
Which two bones form nasal septum?
Vomer bone
| Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
103
What passes through cribriform plate?
Crista Galli
104
What attaches to Crista Galli?
Falx Cerebri
105
Which cranial nerve innervates paranasal air sinus?
Olfactory
106
What bone are the superior and middle conchae parts of?
Ethmoid Bone
107
Posterior ethmoid air cells opens into
Superior Meatus
108
What is the name given to the space above the superior concha
Sphenoethmoidal recess
109
Which bones form roof of nasopharynx?
Sphenoid and basilar occipital bone
110
Sphenoid air sinus innervated by
posterior ethmoidal nerve
111
Maxillary sinus innervated by
superior alveolar nerve
112
Frontal air sinus innervated by:
Supraorbital nerve
113
Name the air sinus whose floor is often indented by tooth sockets
Maxillary Sinus
114
Nasolacrimal duct opens into
Inferior Meatus
115
Posterior ethmoid air cells opens into
Superior Meatus
116
What type of a joint is the Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
Bilateral Synovial Hinge
117
Temporalis action on mandible with ant fibres contraction:
Elevation
118
To which part of the mandible does the medial pterygoid muscle attach?
Medial surface of ramus of mandible
119
Which nerve innervates muscles of facial expression?
Facial nerve
120
which nerve innervates muscles of mastification?
Trigeminal nerve
121
Where do pelvic splanchnic nerves originate?
S2-4
122
Pelvic Splanchic nerves are what type of supply?
Parasympathetic
123
Kyphosis takes place where?
Thoracic Spine
124
Which cranial nerve emerges from just above the superior cerebellar artery?
Oculomotor Nerve
125
Branches from which arteries fuse to form the anterior spinal artery?
Vertebral Arteries
126
To what bony structures does the falx cerebri attach anteriorly?
Crista Galli
127
Which dural venous sinus runs within the upper border of the falx cerebri?
Inferior Sagittal Sinus
128
Which dural venous sinus runs along the lower border of the falx cerebri?
Superior Sagittal Sinus
129
What structures lie on either side of the tentorium cerebelli inferiorly?
Cerebellum
130
To what bony points does the anterior edge of the tentorium cerebelli attach to?
Clinoid processes of Sphenoid bone
131
Which dural venous sinus runs along the attachment of the falx cerebri to the tentorium?
Straight sinus
132
What is the dural fold that separates the two cerebellar hemispheres called?
Falx cerebelli
133
What is the fold of dura that surrounds the pituitary stalk called?
Diaphragma Sella
134
What is a specific branch of the maxillary artery that supplies dura mater?
Middle meningeal artery
135
The visceral pericardium receives innervation from?
T1-4 and Vagus
136
Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles. Name 3
Psoas Major
Iliacus
Quadratus Lumborum
137
Oesophagus drains via?
Celiac Lymph Nodes
138
Ampulla of vater in duodenum is controlled by?
Sphincter of Oddi
139
Rectum lymph drained to?
Internal Iliac lymph Nodes
140
Ligamentum Teres is a remnant of?
Foetal Umbilica Vein
141
Where does bile enter the gut tube?
Major Duodenal Papilla (Sphincter of Oddi)
142
Calot's Triangle is formed by?
Cystic Duct, Common Hepatic duct and Inferior Surface of Liver
143
Which vein is formed posterior to the neck of the pancreas?
Hepatic portal vein
144
Pancreas blood supply?
Coeliac Trunk and Superior Mesenteric Artery
145
Lymph drainage of pancreas?
Preaortic at T12 and L1
146
Where is the Liver formed?
Ventral Mesentery
147
Which part of the liver is in contact with diaphragm?
bare area of liver
148
Which vein joins splenic vein at liver?
Inferior Mesenteric Vein
149
Which cell is present in stomach?
Parietal cell
150
Mastoid Process is part of what bone?
Temporal
151
The inferior alveolar nerve is a branch of which nerve?
Mandibular of trigeminal
152
The mandibular division of trigeminal emerges from cranial cavity through which foramen?
Foramen Ovale
153
The hard palate is made up of what bones?
Maxilla and Palatine
154
Soft palate nerve supply?
Trigeminal
155
what sulcus divides the tongue?
terminal sulcus
156
The foramen caecum on the tongue is the embryological significance of this foramen?
remnant of proximal embryonic thryoglossal duct
157
Which fold of mucous membranes that fixes tongue to floor of mouth?
Lingual Frenulum
158
What provides sensation to tongue?
Lingual nerve
159
Which muscle attaching to the tongue in NOT innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?
Palatoglossus via Vagus
160
Which muscle seperates superficial and deep submandibular gland?
Mylohyoid Muscle
161
Parotid Gland nerve supply is from?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
162
Branches of which 2 cranial nerves form the pharyngeal plexus?
Glossopharyngeal and Vagus
163
What is the name given to:
| 1. The watery fluid in the anterior segment?
Aqueous Humour
164
What is the name given to:
2. The gel in the posterior segment?
Vitreous Humour
165
What does the Ciliaris Eye muscle do?
Accommodation
166
what is the elevator of eyelid?
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
167
Which foramina in the orbit do the ophthalmic veins pass through to enter into the cavernous venous sinus in the cranial cavity
Superior Orbital fissure
168
Which ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane?
Malleus
169
Which ossicle is in contact with the oval window?
Stapes
170
What is the fluid that lies within the bony labyrinth of ear?
Perilymph
171
Through which foramen does the facial nerve exit the posterior cranial fossa in internal acoustic meatus?
Internal acoustic meatus in the posterior cranial fossa
172
What other cranial nerve exits via internal acoustic meatus in posterior cranial fossa?
Vestibulochlear
173
What does facial nerve give off in middle ear?
Chorda Tympani
174
The cribriform plate is part of which bone?
ethmoid bone
175
Which bone forms the posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossa?
Sphenoid
176
identify grooves that run laterally on both sides starting from the internal occipital protuberance. What are these grooves for?
Intracranial venous sinus - transverse sinus
177
Into which foramen does groove for sigmoid sinus lead?
Jugular foramen
178
The sella Turcica is in which fossa?
Middle
179
In the body of which cranial bony is sella turcica found?
sphenoid bone
180
The anterior and posterior clinoid processes on either side of sella turcica give attachment to?
Tentorium Cerebelli
181
On either side of the sella turcica is a groove for the
Cavernous Sinus
182
Which foramen lies immediately anterior to the groove for the cavernous sinus?
Superior orbital fissure
183
which muscles do medial pterygoid plate attach to?
superior constrictor
184
which muscles do lateral pterygoid plate attach to?
pterygoid muscles
185
At what age do the following fontanelles fuse? Anterior
18-24 months
186
At what age do the following fontanelles fuse? Posterior
2-3 Months
187
What type of ossification occurs in:
| • flat bones of the vault of the skull?
intramembranous
188
What type of ossification occurs in:
| • irregular bones of the base of the skull?
Endochondral
189
Which of these cranial nerves that emerge from the pontomedullary junction has the longest intracranial course?
Abducens
190
Inferior olives of brainstem involved in?
control of movement
191
superior olives of brainstem involved in?
auditory
192
What consists of descending tracts in brainstem?
Pyramids in corticospinal tract
193
• The decussation of the pyramids forms
lateral corticospinal tract of spinal cord
194
• What structure does the “open” part of the medulla open onto?
4th ventricle
195
• The middle cerebellar peduncle (what is it made up of?
Centripital Fibres
196
What part of the brain lies:
| • immediately superior to the midbrain?
diencephalon
197
What is the name given to the midline structure connecting the two cerebellar hemispheres?
vermis
198
Name the three lobes of each cerebellar hemisphere.
Anterior Lobe, Posterior Lobe and Flocculonodular Lobe
199
What is the name of the ventricular space that lies immediately anterior to the cerebellum?
4th ventricle
200
which fossa is cerebellum in contact with?
posterior cranial fossa
201
What name is given to the large fissure separating the two cerebral hemispheres?
Longitudinal fissure
202
Type of fibres in corpus callosum?
Commissural
203
The primary sensory cortex is part of which lobe?
Occipital
204
The primary auditory cortex is part of which lobe?
Temporal
205
The primary visual cortex is part of which lobe?
parietal
206
what ligaments might be encountered in laminectomy?
ligamentum flavus
207
What vertebral level does spinal cord terminate in newborn?
L3
208
At what vertebral level does dura matter terminate?
S2
209
What happens to the pia mater inferior to the spinal cord?
Filum terminale
210
At what vertebral level would you perform a lumbar puncture on an adult?
L3/4
211
From which arteries do the left & right vertebral arteries arise?
L+R Subclavian
212
At what vertebral level do the left & right internal carotid arteries arise?
L4
213
Which arteries complete the posterior of the Circle of Willis by linking the internal carotid arteries to the posterior cerebral arteries?
Posterior communicating arteries
214
Middle cerebral artery lies in which fissure?
Lateral Sylvian fissure
215
Anterior cerebral artery lies in which fissure?
Longitudinal fissure
216
Which artery supplies Primary Motor Cortex, Primary Sensory Cortex?
ACA
217
Which artery supplies primary sensory area, primary auditory area and olfaction area?
MCA
218
• The cerebral peduncles - what kind of fibres make up the cerebral peduncles
Motor
219
Into which vein in the neck do these dural venous sinuses drain into?
Internal Jugular vein
220
Through which foramen in skull does internal jugular vein pass?
Jugular Foramen
221
Where does the superior ophthalmic vein drain into?
Cavernous Sinus
222
Where does middle cerebral vein drain into?
Cavernous sinus
223
What name is given to the specialised structures that lie in the ventricles that generate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Choroid Plexus
224
Arachnoid villi project into?
Superior sagittal sinus
225
What makes the indentations on either side of groove for superior sagital sinus?
Arachnoid Granulations
226
The Septum Pellucidum lies where in comparison to fornix?
Inferior
227
Which cerebral artery through one of its branches supplies the internal capsule?
Middle cerebral artery
228
• Identify the part of the midbrain called as the cerebral peduncles. What fibres does it contain?
Corticopontine
229
Which cranial nerve(s) are attached directly to the midbrain?
Oculomotor
230
1. Which is the only cranial nerve to arise from the posterior aspect of the brain?
Trochlear
231
1. Which cranial nerve(s) are attached directly to the pons?
Trigeminal
232
5. Which cranial nerve can be tested by touch over the surface of the cheek?
Trigeminal
233
Which parts of phrenic nerve supply innervation to diaphragm?
C3-5
234
The portal triad is made up of?
Portal Venule, Hepatic Artery, Bile Duct
235
Calot's Triangle is made up of?
Cystic Duct, Common Hepatic duct and Cystic Artery
236
Trachea bifurcation
T4/5
237
Mandibular division of trigeminal emerges through?
Foramen Ovale
238
The inferior alveolar nerve is?
Sensory
