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112 Lecture for Medical Instrumentation 2 Spring 2014 > Anatomy review vocabulary > Flashcards

Anatomy review vocabulary Flashcards

CVT 112 Anatomy review, Stress testing, pacemakers

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anatomical Position

A

The position of the human body, standing erect, with the face directed anteriorly, the upper limbs at the sides and the palms turned anteriorly (supinated), and the feet pointed anteriorly; used as the position of reference in description of site or direction of various structures or parts as established in official anatomical nomenclature. Note: The palms are toward our view and we cannot see the back of the hands

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2
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Median or Sagittal plane - This plane runs through the body from the head (cephalic end) to the feet (plantar end). A cut on the sagittal plane of humans creates a right and left bilaterally symmetrical half. Any plane parallel to this through the body is known as a para-sagittal plane.

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3
Q

Midsagittal

A

the plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves

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4
Q

Transverse (“axial”)

A

The transverse plane (also called the horizontal plane, axial plane, or transaxial plane) is an imaginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts. It is perpendicular to the coronal and sagittal planes.

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5
Q

frontal (“coronal”)

A

Vertical field passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

Coronal plane/lateral/frontal - This plane runs through the body, also from the head to the feet, and divides the body into front and rear halves.

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6
Q

Oblique plane

A

Any plane through the body that is not parallel to one of the former three.

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7
Q

RAO/LAO

A

Right Anterior Oblique and Left Anterior Oblique

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8
Q

Lateral -

A

More distant to the body midline.

In the anatomical position, the radius is lateral to the ulna. A simpler example is the “thumb” is lateral to the “pinky.”

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9
Q

Medial -

A

Closer to the midline; on the inner side.

The sternum (breast plate) is medial to the clavcle (shoulder bone).

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10
Q

Superior -

A

Above, towards the cephalic (head) end.

The cranial cavity (head cavity) is superior to the scapula (shoulder blade).

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11
Q

Inferior -

A

Below, towards the plantar (foot) end.

The patella (knee cap) is inferior to the femur (thigh bone).

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12
Q

Anterior -

A

Towards the front of the body.

The sternum is anterior to the spine. Also known as ventral, but this term is not as common in human anatomy.

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13
Q

Posterior -

A

Towards the rear/backside of the body.

The fibula is posterior to the tibia. Also known as dorsal, but this term is not as common.

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14
Q

Superficial -

A

Closer to the skin, nearer the body surface.

Skin is superficial to the organs.

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15
Q

Deep -

A

Further from the body surface.

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16
Q

Distal -

A

Further from the limb’s attachment to the trunk

(where ‘trunk’ refers to the ‘torso’ of the body: the body minus the head, kneck, and limbs).

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17
Q

proximal -

A

Nearer to the limb’s attachment to the trunk.

The humerous is proximal to the radius.

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18
Q

Flexion -

A

where there is a reduction in the angle between bones or parts of the body. This term applies only to movement along the sagittal or median plane.

An example of arms flexing is lifting a dinner plate. When applied to the trunk of the body, this term means bowing forwards.

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19
Q

Extension -

A

is the opposite of flexion, and there is an increase in the angle. This term applies only to movement along the sagittal or median plane.

With the trunk of the body, this movement is bowing backwards.

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20
Q

Adduction -

A

where there is a reduction in the angle between bones or parts of the body. This only applies to movement along the coronal plane.

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21
Q

Abduction -

A

the exact opposite, with an increase in the angle. Also only applies to movement along the coronal plane.

An example of this is where extending arms outwards as if to fly.

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22
Q

Palmar -

A

The palm of the hand

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23
Q

Plantar -

A

the sole of the foot

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24
Q

Dorsal -

A

back of the hand or top of the foot

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25
Q

Dorsiflexion -

A

the term dorsiflexion means to flex upwards (true extension)

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26
Q

Plantarflexion -

A

the term plantarflexion, meaning to extend downwards (true flexion) are derived.

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27
Q

Pronation -

pronate

A

this is the rotation of the hand so that the palm faces posteriorly. This is not medial rotation as this must be performed when the arm is half flexed. Prone means the hand is facing posteriorly.

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28
Q

Supination -

supinate

A

the rotation of the hand so that the palm faces anteriorly. The hand is supine (facing anteriorly) in the anatomical position.

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29
Q

supine

A

on the back

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30
Q

prone

A

on the stomach

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31
Q

Trendelenburg

A

In the Trendelenburg position the body is laid flat on the back (supine position) with the feet higher than the head by 15-30 degrees

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32
Q

reverse Trendelenburg

A

the reverse Trendelenburg position, where the body is tilted in the opposite direction.

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33
Q

Fowler’s

A

The patient is placed in a semi-upright sitting position (45-60 degrees) and may have knees either bent or straight.

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34
Q

semi-Fowler’s

A

A physical position that a patient is placed raising the head by 30-45 degrees with knees straight

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35
Q

decubitus

A

the posture adopted by a person who is lying down.

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36
Q

hyperextension

A

Extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion

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37
Q

right hypochondriac

A

One of the six regions the abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into. It is located in the upper right abdomen and includes the floating rib cage. It provides a view of the gallbladder, and partial views of the liver, transverse colon, and right kidney.

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38
Q

epigastric

A

One of the six regions the abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into. It is located in the center of the upper abdomen just below the sternum. It icludes a partial views of the liver, stomach, pancreas, duodenum, and transverse colon.

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39
Q

left hypochondriac

A

One of the six regions the abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into. It is located in the upper left abdomen and includes the floating rib cage. It provides a view of the spleen, and partial views of the stomach, transverse colon, and left kidney.

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40
Q

right lumbar

A

One of the six regions the abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into. It is located to the right of the naval and provides a view of the acsending colon and partial views of the small intestine and right kidney.

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41
Q

umbilical

A

One of the six regions the abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into. It is located directly in the center of the abdominopelvic cavity and provides a partial view of the duodenum, small intestine, kidneys, and ureters.

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42
Q

left lumbar

A

One of the six regions the abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into. It is located to the left of the naval and provides a view of the descending colon and partial views of the left kidney and small intestine.

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43
Q

right iliac (inguinal)

A

One of the six regions the abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into. It is located in the right lower pelvic area and includes the right acetabulum. It provides a view of the appendix and cecum and a partial of the small intestine.

44
Q

hypogastric (pubic)

A

One of the six regions the abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into. It is located the center of the lower pelvis between the hips. It includes a view of the urinary bladder and rectum, and partial views of the ureters, small intestine, and sigmoid colon.

45
Q

left iliac (inguinal)

A

One of the six regions the abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into. It is located in the left lower pelvic area and includes the left acetabulum. It provides partial views of the small intestine, and descending and sigmoid colon.

46
Q

thoracic cavity

A

chest cavity: the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart

47
Q

abdominal cavity

A

the cavity containing the major viscera; in mammals it is separated from the thorax by the diaphragm

48
Q

pleural cavity

A

the cavity in the thorax that contains the lungs and heart

49
Q

pericardial cavity

A

the space between the layers of the pericardium that contains fluid that lubricates the membrane surfaces and allows easy heart movement

50
Q

diaphragm

A

the partition separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals.

51
Q

pelvic cavity

A

the space bounded by the bones of the pelvis and containing the pelvic viscera

52
Q

cranial cavity

A

the cavity enclosed by the cranium. The part of the head containing the brain.

53
Q

right upper

A

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) - One of the four quadrants that the abdominopelvic area can be divided into. Located in the right upper portion of the abdomen it provides a view of the gallbladder, most of the liver, and partial views of the pancreas, small intestine, and ascending and transverse colon.

54
Q

left upper

A

(LUQ) - One of the four quadrants that the abdominopelvic area can be divided into. Located in the left upper portion of the abdomen it includes a view of the stomach, spleen, the left kidney, and parts of the duodenum, pancreas, left ureter, small intestine, and transverse and decending colon.

55
Q

right lower

A

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) - One of the four quadrants that the abdominopelvic area can be divided into. Located in the left lower portion of the abdominopelvic area and provides partial views of the small intestine, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum, left ureter, and urinary bladder.

56
Q

left lower

A

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) - One of the four quadrants that the abdominopelvic area can be divided into. Located in the right lower portion of the abdominopelvic area and includes a view of the appendix, cecum, and partial views of the ascending colon, small intestine, right ureter, urinary bladder, and rectum.

57
Q

submandibular

A

situated beneath the jaw or mandible.

58
Q

axilla

A

The armpits

59
Q

costal margins, right & left

A

The costal margin is the lower edge of the chest (thorax) formed by the bottom edge of the rib cage.

Sometimes referred to as the costal arch, it is the medial margin formed by the false ribs and one true rib—specifically, from the seventh rib to the tenth rib.

60
Q

antecubital fossa

A

The cubital fossa or elbow pit is the triangular area on the anterior view of the elbow of a human or other hominid animal. It is also called the antecubital fossa because it lies anteriorly to the elbow when in standard anatomical position.

61
Q

thigh vs. leg (lower extremity)

A

thigh is upper leg

whereas leg or LE is below the knee

62
Q

arm vs. forearm (upper extremity)

A

Forearm is the lower arm whereas the upper arm is referred to as arm

63
Q

suprasternal notch

A

The suprasternal notch, also known as the jugular notch, is part of human anatomy. It is a large, visible dip.

64
Q

thoracic outlet

A

The superior thoracic aperture refers to the superior opening of the thoracic cavity. It is also referred to anatomically as the thoracic inlet and clinically as the thoracic outlet. The clinical entity called the Thoracic outlet syndrome refers to the superior thoracic aperture, not the inferior thoracic aperture.

65
Q

xiphoid process

A

the cartilaginous section at the lower end of the sternum, which is not attached to any ribs and gradually ossifies during adult life.

66
Q

angle of Louis

A

The sternal angle or ‘angle of Louis’, from the Latin angulus Ludovici is the anterior angle formed by the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum (the manubriosternal junction) in the form of a secondary cartilaginous joint (symphysis). This is also called the manubriosternal joint or Angle of Louis. The sternal angle is a palpable clinical landmark.

67
Q

sural

A

of or relating to the calf of the leg.

68
Q

cervical

A

The neck.

69
Q

thoracic

A

of or relating to the thorax.

70
Q

patellar

A

near or relating to the patella or kneecap; “patellar tendon”

71
Q

umbilical

A

relating to or affecting the navel or umbilical cord.

72
Q

dorsum (foot)

A

the back, or upper surface, of the foot.

73
Q

inguinal

A

The groin.

74
Q

facial

A

The face.

75
Q

pectoral

A

The Chest.

76
Q

pubic

A

of or relating to the pubes or pubis.

77
Q

sternal

A

The region over the breast bone.

78
Q

abdominal

A

The region located between the lowest ribs and the hip bones.

79
Q

crural

A

of or relating to the leg or the thigh.

80
Q

cubital

A

of the forearm or the elbow.

“the cubital vein”

81
Q

acromial

A

(acromion) the outermost point of the spine of the shoulder blade

82
Q

brachial

A

of or relating to the arm, specifically the upper arm, or an armlike structure

83
Q

vertebral

A

The region over the back bone.

84
Q

scapular

A

of or relating to the shoulder or shoulder blade.

85
Q

perineal (not “peroneal”)

A

The small region between the anus and the external reproductive organs.

86
Q

lumbar

A

The lower back.

87
Q

sacral

A

The region over the sacrum and between the buttocks.

88
Q

gluteal

A

The buttocks.

89
Q

dorsum (hand)

A

back of the hand

90
Q

popliteal

A

relating to or situated in the hollow at the back of the knee.

91
Q

clavicle

A

technical term for collarbone.

92
Q

scapula

A

technical term for shoulder blade.

93
Q

metatarsal

A

any of the bones of the foot (metatarsus).

94
Q

sternum

A

the breastbone.

95
Q

coccyx

A

a small, triangular bone at the base of the spinal column in humans and some apes, formed of fused vestigial vertebrae.

96
Q

patella

A

the kneecap.

97
Q

tibia/fibula

A

The fibula is the smaller of the two lower leg bones.

The larger leg bone is called the tibia.

The fibula is located on the outside edge of the lower leg. Together with the tibia and the talus, the fibula forms the ankle joint.

98
Q

tarsal

A

of or relating to the tarsus.

99
Q

metacarpal

A

any of the five bones of the hand.

100
Q

femur

A

the bone of the thigh or upper hind limb, articulating at the hip and the knee.

101
Q

phalange

A

a bone of the finger or toe.

102
Q

carpal

A

relating to the bones forming the human carpus (wrist), or to their equivalent in an animal’s forelimb.

103
Q

pelvic girdle

A

(in vertebrates) the enclosing structure formed by the pelvis, providing attachment for the hind limbs or pelvic fins.

104
Q

radius/ulna

A

radius: the thicker and shorter of the two bones in the human forearm.
ulna: the thinner and longer of the two bones in the human forearm, on the side opposite to the thumb.

105
Q

humerus

A

the bone of the upper arm or forelimb, forming joints at the shoulder and the elbow.

106
Q

costal margin

A

The costal margin, sometimes referred to as the costal arch, is the medial margin formed by the false ribs and one true rib—specifically, from the seventh rib to the tenth rib. Costal margin: The lower edge of the chest formed by the bottom edge of the rib cage

107
Q

dorsum (trunk)

A

The posterior surface of the thorax.

112 Lecture for Medical Instrumentation 2 Spring 2014 (2 decks)

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