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Sport functional anatomy > Anatomy respiratory system > Flashcards

Anatomy respiratory system Flashcards

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1
Q

Description of nasal cavity?

1 point

A

Warm, moisture and filter air entering the body before it reaches lungs.

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2
Q

Description of epiglottis?

2 point

A

Elastic cartilage attached to the entrance of the larynx.

Moves food down one pipe and air to the lungs

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3
Q

Description of pharynx?

1 point

A

Small tube

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4
Q

Description of larynx?

1 point

A

The vocal cords

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5
Q

Description of trachea?

1 point

A

Hollow tube that connects the larynx, to the bronchi of the lungs

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6
Q

Description of bronchus?

1 point

A

Extensions of the windpipe that shuttle air to and from the lungs

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7
Q

Description of Bronchioles?

2 point

A

Small airways that extend from the bronchi

Connect the bronchi to the small sacks (Alveoli)

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8
Q

Description of lungs?

1 point

A

Help oxygen from the air we breath enter the red cells in the blood

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9
Q

Description of alveoli?
(2 point)
What is process called?
(1 point)

A

Responsible for the transfer of oxygen into the blood
Removes waste such as carbon dioxide out of the blood
Gaseous exchange

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10
Q

Description of diaphragm?

2 point

A

Flat muscle beneath the lungs within thoracic cavity

Separating chest from the abdomen

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11
Q

Description of thoracic cavity?

1 point

A

Chamber of chest that protected by thoratic wall (rib cage)

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12
Q

Description of pleura?
Lungs
Reduces
(2 points)

(visceral+ parietal)Which one is outer layer and inner layer and what do both line up?
(2 points)

A

Lung surrounded by the pulmonary pleura
Reduces friction between the lungs and thoracic cavity when breathing

Outer layer(parietal) and lines chest
Inner layer (visceral) and lines each lung
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13
Q

Description of Intercostal muscles?
(2 points)

Internal intercostal muscles?
(3 points)

External intercostal muscles?
(3 points)

A

Lie between the ribs
Helps when inhaling+exhaling, the muscles extend and contract

Inside the rib cage,
Draw ribs downwards+inwards
Decreasing volume of chest cavity+ forcing air out of lungs when exhaling.

Outside the rib cage
Pull ribs upwards+ outwards
Increasing volume of chest cavity+ drawing air into lungs when breathing

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14
Q 
Mechanisms of inspiration?
(6 points)
Intercostal muscles+ rib cage
Rib cage
Pressure
Diaphragm
Thoratic cavity
Volume
A

External Intercostal muscles contract+ rib cage expands
Rib cage rises
High pressure-low pressure, when breathing in air then going to lungs
Diaphragm contracts+ moves down
Thoratic cavity increases
Volume of lungs increase

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15
Q 
Mechanisms of expiration?
(5 points)
Intercostal muscles
Pressure
Diaphragm
Thoratic cavity
Volume
A

Intercostal muscles relax
Gas flow out from high pressure-low pressure (lungs-out of lungs)
Diaphragm will rise, to original position
Thoratic cavity decrease
Volume of lungs decrease

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16
Q

Percentage of:
Oxygen inhaled/exhaled?(2 points)
Carbon dioxide inhaled/exhaled?(2 points)

A

Oxygen inhaled=21% Exhaled=16%

Carbon dioxide inhaled=0.04% Exhaled=4%

17
Q

Tidal volume?

1 point

A

Normal volume of air when inhaling and exhaling

18
Q

Vital capacity?

1 point

A

Highest amount of air you can inhale and the highest amount of air you can exhale

19
Q

Residual volume?

A

Amount of air left over after reserve volume exhaled

20
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume?

1 point

A

Breathing in more air than usual, so more oxygen can reach alveoli

21
Q

Expiratory reserve volume?

1 point

A

Amount of extra air that can be breathed out

22
Q

Description of control of breathing?

2 points

A

Process is controlled by neurones, cells that conduct nerve impulses
A part of brain stem

23
Q

The neurones two areas of medulla oblongata? (key in respiration) (DRG) (VRG) (2 points)

A

Dorsal respiratory group (DRG)

Ventral respiratory group (VRG)

24
Q

What is the VRG responsible for?

1 points

A

For the rhythm generation, that allows rhythmic and continuous breathing

25
Q

What do chemoreceptors respond to?

1 point

A

Sensors respond to chemical fluctuations

26
Q

Where are chemoreceptors found?

1 point

A

The medulla
The aortic arch
The carotid arteries

27
Q

What do the chemoreceptors detect during exercise?
Detects…
(3 points)

A

Detect changes In blood
carbon dioxide levels,
Blood acidity
Send signal to medulla that will make changes in breathing rate

Sport functional anatomy (13 decks)

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