Anatomy respiratory system Flashcards
Description of nasal cavity?
1 point
Warm, moisture and filter air entering the body before it reaches lungs.
Description of epiglottis?
2 point
Elastic cartilage attached to the entrance of the larynx.
Moves food down one pipe and air to the lungs
Description of pharynx?
1 point
Small tube
Description of larynx?
1 point
The vocal cords
Description of trachea?
1 point
Hollow tube that connects the larynx, to the bronchi of the lungs
Description of bronchus?
1 point
Extensions of the windpipe that shuttle air to and from the lungs
Description of Bronchioles?
2 point
Small airways that extend from the bronchi
Connect the bronchi to the small sacks (Alveoli)
Description of lungs?
1 point
Help oxygen from the air we breath enter the red cells in the blood
Description of alveoli?
(2 point)
What is process called?
(1 point)
Responsible for the transfer of oxygen into the blood
Removes waste such as carbon dioxide out of the blood
Gaseous exchange
Description of diaphragm?
2 point
Flat muscle beneath the lungs within thoracic cavity
Separating chest from the abdomen
Description of thoracic cavity?
1 point
Chamber of chest that protected by thoratic wall (rib cage)
Description of pleura?
Lungs
Reduces
(2 points)
(visceral+ parietal)Which one is outer layer and inner layer and what do both line up?
(2 points)
Lung surrounded by the pulmonary pleura
Reduces friction between the lungs and thoracic cavity when breathing
Outer layer(parietal) and lines chest Inner layer (visceral) and lines each lung
Description of Intercostal muscles?
(2 points)
Internal intercostal muscles?
(3 points)
External intercostal muscles?
(3 points)
Lie between the ribs
Helps when inhaling+exhaling, the muscles extend and contract
Inside the rib cage,
Draw ribs downwards+inwards
Decreasing volume of chest cavity+ forcing air out of lungs when exhaling.
Outside the rib cage
Pull ribs upwards+ outwards
Increasing volume of chest cavity+ drawing air into lungs when breathing
Mechanisms of inspiration? (6 points) Intercostal muscles+ rib cage Rib cage Pressure Diaphragm Thoratic cavity Volume
External Intercostal muscles contract+ rib cage expands
Rib cage rises
High pressure-low pressure, when breathing in air then going to lungs
Diaphragm contracts+ moves down
Thoratic cavity increases
Volume of lungs increase
Mechanisms of expiration? (5 points) Intercostal muscles Pressure Diaphragm Thoratic cavity Volume
Intercostal muscles relax
Gas flow out from high pressure-low pressure (lungs-out of lungs)
Diaphragm will rise, to original position
Thoratic cavity decrease
Volume of lungs decrease
Percentage of:
Oxygen inhaled/exhaled?(2 points)
Carbon dioxide inhaled/exhaled?(2 points)
Oxygen inhaled=21% Exhaled=16%
Carbon dioxide inhaled=0.04% Exhaled=4%
Tidal volume?
1 point
Normal volume of air when inhaling and exhaling
Vital capacity?
1 point
Highest amount of air you can inhale and the highest amount of air you can exhale
Residual volume?
Amount of air left over after reserve volume exhaled
Inspiratory reserve volume?
1 point
Breathing in more air than usual, so more oxygen can reach alveoli
Expiratory reserve volume?
1 point
Amount of extra air that can be breathed out
Description of control of breathing?
2 points
Process is controlled by neurones, cells that conduct nerve impulses
A part of brain stem
The neurones two areas of medulla oblongata? (key in respiration) (DRG) (VRG) (2 points)
Dorsal respiratory group (DRG)
Ventral respiratory group (VRG)
What is the VRG responsible for?
1 points
For the rhythm generation, that allows rhythmic and continuous breathing
